BDOC Atlantic- NSS Flashcards

What are the 2 types of propeller forces?

Longitudinal: Front to Back

Transverse Thrust: Side to Side

What are Propeller Side Forces?

The propeller causes a sideways motion that causes the stern to walk from side to side.

How do ships counteract the Propeller Side Forces?

When a ship has multiple screws, the propellers rotate in opposite directions, creating opposing side forces, cancelling each other out

How do rudders work? What are the similar too?

They function similar to airfoils/wings.

When pivoting, they will create areas of high and low pressure on opposing sides of the rudder and will push the rudder in the desired direction.

What is Bare Steerageway? What is its range?

The minimum speed at which a rudder is still effective to maneuver a ship.

Typically 2-3 Kts

What is important to remember when avoiding danger in regarding to rudders?

You can stop OR you can turn. But it is nearly impossible to do both unless a twist is applied

What is Slewing?

A series of rudder orders and course changes to starboard and port using a hard rudder

• Allows a ship to reduce headway while maintaining a course

How does the Pivot Point of a ship move through a ship at different speeds?

• At Rest: Pivot Point is at the Geometric Center

• With an Ahead Bell: Pivot point is from the bow, back 1/3 ship length

• All Ahead Bell: Pivot Point further forward

• Astern Bell: Closer to the rudders

Speed INCREASES push the pivot point forward

What are the Controllable Ship Handling Forces?

• Lines

• Anchors

• Tugs

• Engines

• Rudders

• Bow/Stern Thrusters

What are the Semi-Controllable Ship Handling Forces?

• Shallow Water Effects

• Bank Cushion/Suction

• Passing Ship Effects

What are the Uncontrollable Ship Handling Forces?

• Wind

• Current

What is the Shallow Water Effects?

As a ship increases speed, the stern will sink into the water and the bow will rise

What is Bank Cushion and Suction?

• Bank Cushion: Wedge of water between ship and bank builds up, forcing bow out sharply

• Bank Suction: Decrease of water level near quarter due to rotation of screw to bank = draws stern closer

What are the 3 types of MOB Discoveries?

• Immediate Response: Noticed by Bridge Watch standers and recovery action is immediately executed

• Delayed Action: Reported to the bridge by an eye witness, such as topside watch standers, and recovery action is initiated

• Person Missing: Individual is reported to the bridge as “missing” and recovery action is initiated

What are the Immediate actions in a MOB situation taken by the Bridge Watchstanders?

• Executed Rudder and engine orders

  • 1MC Announcement

  • Hoist Flag OSCAR

  • Pulsating Red Light

  • 6 Short Blasts

  • Located and Point at MOB

• Throw a life ring

• Throw Smoke Float

• Locate True Winds and best course to create a Lee

• Notify ships in vicinity via VHF

What is a Pan-Pan Call?

Pronounced “Pahn-Pahn”

Signal indicates the calling station has an urgent message to transmit

What are 3 pieces of equipment used in a MOB situation?

• Man Overboard Indicator (MOBI)

  • Provides relative bearing to the MOB. Closer to the transmitter, the stronger the signal gets

• Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)

  • Component of Global Maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS)

  • Provides radar lines and increases the size of the lines as you get closer

• Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon (EPIRB)

  • Components of GMDSS

  • Used when abandoning ship

  • Detectable by satellites anywhere

What are 3 MOB Recovery Methods?

• Small Boat: Typically RHIBS lowered into the water to go and get MOB

• Forecastle Recovery/J-Bar Davit Recovery: J-Bar deploys a SAR Swimmer (Must be less than 1 Kts over ground)

• Helicopters: Fastest Rescue but only if already airborne with a SAR Swimmer onboard

What is the Anderson Turn and what are the pros and cons?

Advantages

• Quick Recovery

• Simple

• Never looses sight of MOB

Disadvantages

• Immediate Notification is needed. (Need to know where the MOB is)

• Visibility and weather

What is the Williamson Turn and what are the pros and cons?

Advantages

• The Location or time of MOB may not be known

• Any condition or visibility

• Places the ship on a reciprocal course

Disadvantage

• Distance between victim and ship

• Victim is lost from view

• Slower Maneuver

What is the Race Track Turn and what are the pros and cons?

Used by Big Deck Ships

Advantages

• Simple to do

Disadvantages:

• Slow

• Long Runway

What is the Y Backing Turn and what are the pros and cons?

Advantages

• Keeps the MOB in Sight and nearby

Disadvantages

• Very Slow

• Currents and winds will affect the ship when slow

What are the responsibilities of the CO in regards to Navigation?

• Responsible for the safe navigation of the ship

• Establish underway policies for tactical decision making

• Final Qualifier for OOD Underway

• Still Responsible even when Pilot is present

What are the responsibilities of the XO in regards to Navigation?

• Assist the Navigator and Navigation Team during all restricted water transits (Unless CO says otherwise)

• Review planning in Nav Briefs, Charts, and routes

• Finalize Ships daily routine

What are the responsibilities of the Navigator?

• Responsible to the CO for the safe navigation of the ship

• Advises the CO/XO/TAO/OOD on Ship movements

• Maintain accurate fix and notify team when going into danger

• supervise navigation during restricted water transits and at battle stations

• Prepare CO Night Orders

• Maintain Ships Navigation Bill

• Ensure proper preparation, Accuracy and entries and timely submission of the ships deck log

What are the responsibilities of the Officer of the Deck?

• CO’s direct representative on the bridge

• Remain informed of the ships position and use all situational awareness tools to detect and avoid navigational hazards and dangers

• Prepare for and formally relieving the watch

• Leadership and supervision of the bridge watch team

• Execute the daily routine

• Maintain formality, standards, and good appearance of the bridge and watch standers

• Making reports and notifications to the CO, XO, and Navigator

• Understand contact picture, traffic density, nav boundaries

What are the documents that provide guidance to the OOD?

• NAVDORM

• Navigation Bill

• Captains Standing Orders

• Captains Night Orders

• Captains Battle Orders

• Plan of the Day

What are the responsibilities of the JOOD/JOOW?

• Assist in training the Conning Officer and other bridge watch standers

• Assist in managing the surface contact picture and making reports to the CO and XO

• Assist in Managing special evolution checklists

What are the responsibilities of the Conning Officer?

• Directly controls the engine and rudder angle orders of the ship

  • Supervise the Helmsman and Lee Helmsman

  • Authorize and supervise the Helmsman and Lee Helmsman

What are the Duties of the Boatswains Mate of the Watch (BMOW)?

• Supervises and trains the enlisted members of the bridge watch team

• Pass words over the ships 1MC

• Assist the OOD, JOOD, and JOOW

What are the responsibilities of the Quartermaster of the watch (QMOW)?

• Serves as the navigators direct representative to assist the OOD, JOOD, and JOOW in navigational matters per NAVDORM and Navigation Bill

• Provide a continuous navigation watch

• Maintain ships position, voyage information, and nav logs

• Notify Nav and OOD of Nav Details, Hazards, Dangers, and issues

What are the responsibilities of the Helm Safety Officer?

Manned during CO Directed RMD

• Supervises and ensures the Helmsman and Lee Helmsman acknowledge and comply with all orders

What are the responsibilities of the Tactical Action Officer (TAO)?

• Fights the ship and executes tactical decisions

• Senior OOD qualified Watch stander who understands enemy threats and ship capability

• Authority to assume control of the ship from OOD in tactical situations

• Has weapons release authority per CO Battle Orders

What are the responsibilities of the Combat Information Center Watch Officer (CICWO)?

• Supervises watch standers in the CIC

• Maintains an accurate summary of geographic plots, status boards, and watch information

• Monitors and ensures all communications circuits are working properly

• Informs the OOD of CIC recommendations for maintaining station, avoiding navigational hazards and collisions, and general safety

• Controls RADAR, SONAR, and Electronic Warfare Support Measures

What are the responsibilities of the Combat Systems Officer of the Watch (CSOOW)?

• Supervises the operation of the ships combat systems

• Provides Status updates and casualty reports to the TAO, OOD and CICWO

• Takes immediate and controlling action per the SOP during Equipment Casualties

What are the responsibilities of the Engineering Officer of the Watch?

• Responsible for the safe and proper performance of the engineering and departmental watch standers

• Reports directly to the OOD to routinely report plant status, casualties, and planned maintenance during the watch

What are CO Standing Orders?

CO Expectations and standard operating procedures for your ship while underway, at anchor, or in port

• Addresses the day-to-day management of the ships routines that form the foundation of safe shipboard operations

• Defines the authorities and responsibilities for all major watch and control stations

• Defines what needs special permissions and reports

What are some common Standing Orders?

• Responsibilities

• The Watch

• Conning and Maneuvering

• Required Reports

• CO Approval Items

• Navigation

• Restricted Visibility

• Man Overboard (MOB)

• Anchoring

• RMD

• Max Reliability

• Flight Deck Operations

What Examples of Required Reports to the CO, XO and NAV?

CO

• Declining the take the watch

• 12 O’Clock Reports

• Position Reports

• Contact Report

• Loss/Degradation of Major Equipment

• Medical Emergencies

XO

• Administrative ITems

• Changes to POD

• Major Schedule Changes

NAV

• Changes in Weathers/Seas

• Issues with NAV Equipment

• Changes/Issues with PIM

What are examples of CO Approval Items?

• Relief of the Deck when CO is on the Bridge

• Initial Green Deck During Flight Ops

• Initial Green Well during Well Deck Operations

• Sending Sailors Aloft or over the side

• Small boat operations

• Deploying SAR Swimmer and recovering Man Overboard

• Setting and Securing from RMD

• Tagging out major pieces of equipment

What are the CO’s Night Orders?

Supplement the CO Standing Orders for nighttime procedures

• Tactical and stationing information

• Engineering Data

• Major Equipment Casualties

• Nav Information

• Expected Weather

Night Orders take precedence over the Standing Orders

What information should be passed on during a Watch Turnover?

Navigation Info

• Estimated or True Position compared to intended Track

• Course and Speed

• Aids/Hazards

Tactical Info

• Expected changes in formations or screens

• Status of all contacts

• Emergency instructions from the OTC/CO

Readiness Info

• Current Readiness and Material Conditions

• Status of Engineering plant and damage control

• Location of the CO or Embarked flag or unit commander

What is a nautical chart?

A graphical Representation, of the spherical earth, on a plane two dimensional surface

What is are Great Circles and Small Circles?

Great Circle: The intersection of a sphere and a plane through its center

• Longitude lines (Meridians)

• The Equator

Small Circle: The Intersection of a sphere and a place which does not pass through its center

• Latitude Lines (Parallels)

What is the difference between Speed of Advance, Speed Over Ground, and Speed Made Good?

Speed of Advance: Planned or DR Speed

Speed over Ground: Actual Speed of the Vessel

Speed Made Good: Calculated Speed based on measured distance between fixes

What is a Rhumb Line?

A Line that makes the same angle with all meridians

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Mercator Projection?

Advantages:

• Rhumb Lines plot as straight lines

• Provides for easy measuring of distance, direction, and position

• Latitude and Longitude draw as straight lines

Disadvantages:

• Great circles plot as curves

• Minor distortions of features at extreme latitudes

How are Rhumb Lines and Great Circles shown on Gnomonic and Mercator Projection Charts?

Mercator Projection

• Rhumb Lines are Straight

• Great Circles are Curved

Opposite for Gnomonic Charts

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Gnomonic Projections?

Advantages:

• Great circles plot as straight lines which are ideal for long voyages

• Distortion on a gnomonic chart is tolerable

Disadvantages:

• Rhumb lines plot as curved lines on a gnomic projection and do not plot directions or measure distances easily on charts

• True Shapes of earth are not represented

What is Chart No. 1?

• Provides descriptions and depictions of basic elements and symbols on nautical charts

• Published by NOAA

What are the Navigation Rules & Regulations (COLREGS)?

• International and Inland regulations for preventing collisions at sea

• All Mariners must have a complete understanding of these regulations

What is US Fleet Guide?

• Series of booklets containing port information for US Naval Bases

Includes:

• Navigational POI

• Listing of important Phone Numbers

• Maps of the port

• Radio Frequencies

• Safety Requirements

What is NOAA Coast Pilots?

• Published to supplement nautical charts for inland US waters

Contains information that can’t be fit on a chart

• Harbor and port information

• Pilot information and requirements

• Berthing facilities

• Repair Facilities

• Repair Facilities

• Tidal and Current information

• Radio Frequencies and draw bridge schedules

• Weather Patterns

What is the USCG Light List?

USCG provided detailed information about navigation lights in Inland US Waters.

What is the NGA List of Lights?

NGA provides information on Lighted aids to navigation and sound signals in Foreign Waters

• Contains information on storm signals, signal stations, racons, radio beacons, radio direction finder calibration stations and DGPS

What is the NGA Radio Navigational Aids?

• Contains a detailed list of selected worldwide radio stations that provide services to navigators

  • Radar Stations

  • Radio Time Signals

  • Radio Navigation Warnings

  • Distress and Safety Information

  • Long-Range Navigation Aids

What is the NGA/USCG Notice to Mariners?

Weekly publication that is used to correct multiple navigation references and charts

Summary of corrections contain accumulated corrections since the print date

What is the USCG Local Notice to Mariners?

Covers regions in the US and its territories. Way for the coast guard to disseminate navigation information

What is Distance between U.S. Ports (Pub 151)?

Contains the distances between different ports. Used for voyage planning

What is in Sailing Directions?

Contains 37 Enroutes and 5 planning guides that have detailed coast and port information. Divided by Geographic Regions

What is in Sailing Directions (Planning Guides)?

Describe general features of ocean basins. Covers relatively permanent information to assist the navigators in planning extensive oceanic voyages

What is in Sailing Directions (Enroute)?

Contains numbered sections along a coast or through a strait.

Contains:

• Winds, tides and currents

• Offshore dangers

• Coastal Features

• Anchorages

• Major Ports

What is the World Port Index (Pub 150)?

Contains the location and physical characteristics of, and the facilities and services offered, by major ports and terminals world wide

What is in the International Code of Signals (Pub 102)?

Lists the international communication signals to be employed by vessels at sea

Signals can be transmitted via:

• Morse code

• Lights

• Sounds

• Flags

• Radio Telegraph

• Semaphore

What is in the Nautical Almanac?

Periodical publication of astronomical data that is designed for marine navigation

What is typically included in a Voyage Plan?

• Charts and Publications

• Courses and Track Data

• Forecasted Weather and Tides

• Sailing Directions & Coast Pilot Information

• Projections of various future events

• Classified Documents and messages

• Fleet OPORDS

• Equipment Status

How are great circles and rhumb lines used together to plan voyages?

A Great Circle is plotted and multiple waypoints are selected. Rhumb lines are then used to connect those waypoints, making multiple straight segments that approximate to a great circle curve, increasing efficiency while staying relatively simple

What is a PIM?

Plan of intended Movement

What are the 4 types of Movement Reports?

• Departure

• Arrival

• Position

• Cancellation