Chapter 24 Lecture

Adenoviruses are primarily known to cause infections of which system?

Respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal system

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establishes latency primarily in which type of cells?

B lymphocytes

what is the simplest biological structure of a virus?

A protein coat surroundings genetic material

Certain types of HPV are considered high-risk because they are strongly associated with the development of:

Cervical cancer

which poxvirus can cause common skin lesions like flesh-colored papules or nodules, often transmitted by direct contact or fomites?

Molluscum contagiosum virus

Smallpox, caused by Variola virus, is notable as the only human disease to have been:

Completely eradicated through vaccination efforts

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is primarily transmitted through what routes?

Blood and sexual contact

Zoonoses are viral diseases that:

Originate from animal reservoirs and can be transmitted to humans.

A common clinical presentation of adenovirus infection, particularly in children, is:

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis

which of the following is NOT typically considered an important medical consideration when discussing viral infections?

The virus's preference for cold temperatures

while the chapter focuses heavily on DNA viruses, RNA viruses are also important human pathogens. which of the following is characteristic of RNA viruses?

They are assembled and budded off the nucleus, whereas most RNA viruses multiply in and are released from the cytoplasm

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is particularly concerning in which patient population due to its potential for severe, disseminated disease?

Immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients and those with AIDS.

How are DNA viruses broadly classified based on their structure?

By the presence or absence of an envelope and the type of nucleic acid (double-stranded or single-stranded).

What is the process by which a virus can sometimes induce the transformation of cells into a cancerous state?

Oncogenicity

The HPV vaccine is recommended primarily for the prevention of:

Genital warts and cervical cancer.

Which type of herpesvirus is primarily associated with oral herpes (cold sores) but can also cause genital herpes?

HSV-1

Polyomaviruses are generally asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause disease in:

Individuals with compromised immune systems.

The only single-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans is

Parvovirus

Which polyomavirus is known to cause Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), particularly in immunocompromised individuals?

JC virus

Where does HSV-1 typically establish latency?

Trigeminal ganglia

Which herpesvirus is responsible for both chickenpox (primary infection) and shingles (reactivation)?

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

Viruses are classified into distinct families based primarily on what characteristics?

The nature of their nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), presence of an envelope, and symmetry of their protein coat.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is known to cause:

Warts, including common, plantar, and genital warts.

Which of the following statements about Poxviruses is true?

They are large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm.

Chronic Hepatitis B infection can lead to serious liver conditions including:

Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

What term describes a viral infection where the virus remains hidden in the host, often without causing symptoms, but can reactivate later?

Latent infection

Which herpesvirus is known to cause infectious mononucleosis ("mono") and is also associated with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of which common childhood exanthem, often characterized by a "slapped cheek" rash?

Erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

Herpesviruses are characterized by their ability to establish a persistent or latent infection, meaning:

They remain dormant in host cells and can reactivate later to cause symptoms.

Shingles typically occurs when the Varicella-Zoster Virus reactivates from latency in which location?

Dorsal root ganglia