History Final #3

Expansion and Reform

Henry Clay

Former Secretary of State; Great Compromiser; Proposed American system

Eli Whitney

Created the cotton gin

Harriet Tubman

Helped more than 300 slaves to freedom with the underground railroad

Dorothea Dix

Activist who pushed for prison reform

Horace Mann

Activist who pushed for school reform

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women's rights activist; Seneca Falls

Lucretia Mott

Women's rights activist; Seneca Falls

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionist and speaker; led movement in the 1800s; The North Star

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Abolitionists and speaker in the 1800s

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist; The Liberator

Nat Turner

Led slave revolt

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Mexican president who fought Texans in the Texas Revolution

Sam Houston

First president of the Republic of Texas

Monroe Doctrine

The American continents were not to be considered subjects of European colonization; Opposed European interference in any republic in W. Hem.; Expression of growing nationalism and establishes US dominant in the West

Interchangeable parts

Parts designed to be nearly identical so they can be substituted, enabling mass production

Spoils system

Awarding supporters with government jobs

National road

First federally funded road in the US, connecting the east to the west

Industrial revolution

Machine production of goods

Transportation Revolution

Rapid construction of roadways, canals, and railroads leading to the expansion of markets and allowing for movement

Market Revolution

Economic and social changes in the 1800s shifting from small scale production to larger factories and mass production

American system

Henry Clay's system for a national bank, protective tariff, and a transportation system. Internal improvements support the economic development of the nation

Cotton gin

Machine that made it more efficient to separate cotton fibers from its seeds

Yeoman Farmers

Group that made up a majority of southern white society.

Slave drivers

Slave manager on a plantation; urges slaves to work

Missouri Compromise

Kept the balance of slave and free states in the Union

Antebellum

Pre-Civil war period

Overseers

Slave manager on a plantation

Underground railroad

Group of abolitionists who helped slaves escape to freedom

Seneca Falls Convention

First women's rights convention- July 1848

The North Star

Frederick Douglass's newspaper

The Liberator

William Lloyd Garrison's anti-slavery newspaper

empresario

Agents who attracted American settlers to Mexico offering them land in exchange for becoming Roman Catholic and obeying Mexican laws

Texas Independence

1836; earned independence from Mexico; famous battle at the Alamo

Mexican American War

Mexico lost nearly half of its land and 25,000 lives; Americans lost 13,000 lives and gained New Mexico, California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, parts of Colorado, and Wyoming

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande border for Texas and ceded New Mexico and California to the United States. The United States agreed to pay $15 million for the Mexican cession, which included present-day California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.

Gadsden Purchase

Additional territory acquired south of the Gila River; settlement of Oregon; Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; established borders of lower 48 states

California Gold Rush

Mass movement of individuals out west to California in the quest of getting wealth; led to the state becoming more diverse

Sojourner Truth

former slave who became an abolitionist and women's rights activist

Second Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals starting in the early 1800s. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance. The revivals attracted people from all walks of life.