SNC2DY-a Types of Reactions

synthesis

two reactants (elements or compounds) react to produce one new compound.

metal oxide + water=

metal hydroxide or base

nonmetal oxide + water

acid

metal oxide + carbon dioxide

metal carbonate

metal halides + oxygen

metal halates

MgCl2(s) +3O2(g)---> Mg(ClO3)2(s)

decomposition

AB->A+B

complete combustion

hydrocarbon + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water

incomplete combustion

insufficent oxygen, produces: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water and soot (solid carbon)

vehicles burn gasoline

incompletely (low engine temp)

CO binds w hemoglobin

metals + oxygen

metal oxide or peroxides

nonmetal + oxygen

nonmetal oxide

diatomic elements with states

HOFBrINCl

P4S8

all the solids: I2, P4, S8

liquid: Br2

law of conservation of mass

Matter is neither created nor destroyed

single-displacement reaction

chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound

Metals from Li - Na

react w water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

Metals from Mg--->Cd

react w steam to form metal oxide n hydrogen gas

metals above hydrogen

react w acids to form ionic compound and hydrogen gas

NR meaning

non-reactive (cant dispace)

Metals from Li - Na w O2

forms metal peroxides and metal oxides

metals from Mg-Hg

reacts w oxygen to form metal oxide

what is corrosion

Corrosion is the destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment.

metals that dont corrode

gold n platinum

where is corrosion beneficial

when reacting w oxygen aluminum oxide forms a protective layer coating the aluminum

and copper forms the green patina (weatherproof 75 years)

what is rust? diff between rust n corrosion

reddish brown flaky iron (III) oxide

rust doesnt stick to the metal unlike other metals

5 factors of rust

air, h20 electrolytes, acidity, mech.stress

more humid air=more rust

dry air=less rust

salt

speeds up rusting

protective coating for rust

cover metal w rust inhabiting paint, chrome or plastic

corrosion resistant materials

stainless steel (fe, ni, cr, c)

plastic

galvanizing

Coating steel with zinc to prevent corrosion forming ZnO sticking to steel n zinc

double-displacement reaction

a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds

precipiation reactions

2 ionic=2 new solids where 1 is precipitate (insol) and other is aq

acid base reaction

a reaction where an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt (ionic compound)

when base is CO2 a carbonate also forms