Civil War Review - Paper 3

Border South

Includes Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri; main crop is tobacco.

Middle South

Includes Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas; mix of Border and Lower South.

Lower South

Includes South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas; known for 'King Cotton'.

The Peculiar Institution

A term describing the system of slavery in the South.

Enslaved Culture

A mix of West African culture that included family ties, oral traditions, religion, and music.

Fictive kin

Family-like bonds among enslaved people that were not based on blood relations.

Burdens of Slavery

Dignity deprivation, psychological treatment, and denial of education faced by enslaved individuals.

Stono Rebellion

A slave revolt in 1739 in South Carolina.

Gabriel Prosser

Led a planned slave revolt in 1800; was executed.

Denmark Vessey

Planned a large slave revolt in 1822 that never materialized; executed.

Nat Turner

Led the most significant slave revolt in 1831, resulting in the deaths of 60 Virginians.

Conscience Whigs

Opponents of the Mexican-American War who believed it was aimed at expanding slavery.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed legislation to ban slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico.

Popular Sovereignty

Allowing the people of a territory to decide if they wanted slavery.

Compromise of 1850

A series of laws aimed at resolving the issues of slavery and territorial expansion.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

A novel that depicted the brutal realities of slavery and influenced public opinion in the North.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 law that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed for popular sovereignty regarding slavery.

Bleeding Kansas

Violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in Kansas during the 1850s.

Dred Scott decision

Supreme Court ruling that stated slaves were property and had no rights to sue in federal court.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas over the issue of slavery in 1858.

Harper's Ferry

John Brown's 1859 raid aimed at starting a slave rebellion; resulted in his capture.

Election of 1860

Split Democratic party; led to the election of Abraham Lincoln and subsequent secession of Southern states.

Secession

The act of Southern states withdrawing from the Union following Lincoln's election.

Confederate States of America

Government formed by the Southern states that seceded from the Union.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by Lincoln in 1863, it declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free.

13th Amendment

Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

Reconstruction

The period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves.

Freedmen's Bureau

Established in 1865 to assist freed slaves during the Reconstruction era.

Black Codes

Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans.

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

Legislation aimed at protecting the civil rights of African Americans.

14th Amendment

Guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law for all persons.

Radical Republicans

Political faction that advocated for harsh Reconstruction measures in the South.

Military Reconstruction

The act of dividing the South into military districts to enforce order and protect rights.

15th Amendment

Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race.

The Solid South

A term describing the dominance of the Democratic Party in the South following Reconstruction.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Sharecropping

A system of agriculture where tenants farm land owned by another party, often leading to a cycle of debt.

KKK (Ku Klux Klan)

A white supremacist organization that used violence to undermine Reconstruction and intimidate African Americans.

Radical Abolitionism

The ideology calling for an immediate end to slavery without compensation to slave owners.

William Lloyd Garrison

A prominent abolitionist who published 'The Liberator' and advocated for the immediate end of slavery.

Frederick Douglass

Escaped slave and influential activist who campaigned for abolition and equal rights.

Harriet Tubman

An abolitionist who made 19 trips on the Underground Railroad to rescue enslaved individuals.