Digestion and Regulation Overview

Flashcards covering key concepts related to digestion and homeostasis as discussed in the lecture.

Digestion

The process by which food is broken down in the body to absorb nutrients.

Small intestine

The part of the digestive tract where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

Pancreatic lipase

Enzyme produced by the pancreas that is critical for the digestion of fats.

Cecum

The first part of the large intestine, where undigested food enters from the ileum.

Hydrolytic enzymes

Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of compounds by the addition of water.

Fiber

Indigestible material that remains in the digestive tract after most nutrients have been absorbed.

Bile

A digestive fluid made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, essential for fat emulsification.

Hepatic portal vein

Vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

Sphincter

A circular muscle that constricts to control the passage of substances through an opening.

Hemorrhoids

Swollen veins in the lower rectum that can cause discomfort and pain.

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas, often due to blocked ducts and enzyme leakage.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in the body, such as fluid and pH balance.

Regulation of digestion

The process by which the body coordinates digestive enzyme release and hormone activity.

Endocrine gland

A type of gland that releases hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Exocrine gland

A type of gland that releases substances via ducts to the epithelial surface.

E. Coli

Bacteria that normally reside in the intestines and can aid in the breakdown of certain fibers.