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Personality
an individuals characteristics style of behaving, thinking, and feeling
self-report
A method in which people provide subjective information about there own thoughts, feelings, or behaviours, typically via questionnaire or interview
MMPI
A well-researched clinical questionnaire used to assess personality and psychological problems
projective tests
Tests designed to reveal inner aspects of individuals personalities by analysis of their repossess to a standard series of ambiguous stimuli
rorschach inkblot test
A projective technique in which respondents inner thoughts and feelings are believed to be revealed by analysis of their responses to a set of unstructured inkblots
Thematic apperception test (TAT)
A projective technique in which respondents underlings motives, concerns, and the they way they see social world are believed to be revealed through analysis of the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures of people
trait
a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way
big five
the traits of the five-factor model: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
psychodynamic approach
an approach that regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness- motives that also can produce emotional disorders
id
the part of the mind contains the drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives
superego
the mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority
ego
the component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with lifestyle practical demands
defence mechanisms
unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce the anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses
self-actualizing tendency
the human motive towards realizing our inner potential
existential approach
a school of thought that regards personality as being governed by an indviduals’s ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death
social-cognitive approach
an approach that vies personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them
person-situation controversy
the question of wether behaviour is caused more by personality or by situational factors
personal constructs
dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences
outcome expectancies
a persons assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behaviour
locus of control
a persons tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to the self or external In the environment
self-concept
a persons explicit knowledge of their own behaviours, traits, and other personal characteristics
self-verification
the tendeney to seek evidence to confirm the self-concept
self-esteem
the extent to which an individuals likes, values, and accepts the self
self-serving bias
peoples tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures
narcissism
a trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self, combined with the tendency to seek admiration from others