Biology lab 1

Archaean (

(meaning source or origin), the radiometric-aged rocks gave evidence of abiotic (non-living) membrane-like protocells. Fossils containing iron oxide (rust), radiometric dated from this second Eon Archaean, show evidence of stromatolites formed from Prokaryotes.

Proterozoic

timeframe starts with the protozoans but then progresses to eukaryotic cells, multicellular eukaryotic cells, and soft-bodied invertebrates. Endosymbiosis is the theory that may explain the process of eukaryotic cells beginning

Phanerozoic

(the beginning sounds like fan which reminds us this is when the organisms 'fan-out') fossil record shows an explosion of new organisms during the Cambrian Period, followed by the presence of algae, land plants, vascular plants, Carboniferous Period forests ( famous site in Nova Scotia), the Devonian Age of fishes, and then a Permian Extinction. Next the gymnosperms and Dinosaurs flourish (The movie Jurassic Park reminds me of this Period). How many major Mass Extinctions occurred? This

Hadean Eon

HOT MOLTEN LAVA -bombarded by chunks of rock from the solar system
4,600 mya: Origin of Earth

Archaean:

Abiotic molecule with membrane-like structure 3,900 mya: Protocells
4,600 – 2,500 mya
Earth’s atmosphere was primarily CO2 and water vapor; hot surface began to cool
3,800 mya: Oldest Rock
Earth was void of life for 1,100 million years
First Life on Earth 3,500 mya: Oldest Fossils of Prokaryotic Cells Appear
stromatolites
3,500 million years ago first evidence of life on earth First fossil cells (colonies of bacteria)
2,700 mya: Concentration of Atmospheric Oxygen Increases: Oxygen Revolution Iron band
formations in rock

Proterozoic Eon,

Proterozoic: 2,500 – 542 mya
2,100 mya: Oldest Fossils of Eukaryotic Cells Appear
First cell with nucleus appears endosymbiont theory
First evidence of Plate Tectonics
1,500 mya: Earliest Multicellular Eukaryotic Cells Appear
Planet cooled; series of severe ice ages- Snowball Earth Hypothesis
Life confined to areas near deep sea vents, hot springs and also near the equator
: Ediacaran 635 mya Diverse algae and soft-bodied invertebrate animals appear Multicellular eukaryotes: soft bodied sponges, cnidarians and molluscs

Phanerozoic: Paleozoic

paleozoic 542 - 251 mya
Cambrian: 542 mya Sudden increase in diversity of many animal phyla (Cambrian explosion)
Devonian: 416 mya Diversification of bony fishes; first tetrapods and insects appear.
Carboniferous: 359 mya Extensive forests of vascular plants form; first seed
plants appear; origin of amniotes; amphibians dominant.
Permian: 299 mya Radiation of reptiles; origin of most present-day groups of
insects; extinction of many marine and terrestrial organisms at end of period. Permian Extinction Largest extinction – 90% of species Continents broke and now again1 continent called Pangaea (in the Permian

Phanerozoic: Mesozoic

Mesozoic 251 – 65.5 mya
Jurassic: 199.6 mya Gymnosperms continue as dominant plants; dinosaurs abundant and diverse.
Cretaceous: 145.5 mya Flowering plants (angiosperms) appear and diversify; many groups of organisms, including most dinosaurs, become extinct at end of period.

Phanerozoic: Cenozoic

Cenozoic 65.5 mya – Now
Paleogene: 65.5 – 23 mya DONT NEED THESE PERIODS
Paleocene: 65.5 mya Major radiation of mammals, birds, and pollinating insects.
After extinctions last era, evolutionary opportunities: adaptive radiation
Eocene: 55.8 mya Angiosperms dominance increases; continued radiation of most present-day mammalian orders.
Oligocene: 33.9 mya Origins of many primate groups.

Neogene: 23 – 2.6 mya
Miocene: 23 mya Continued radiation of mammals and angiosperms; earliest direct human ancestors.
Pliocene: 5.3 mya Appearance of bipedal human ancestors.

Quaternary: 2.6 mya - Now
Pleistocene: 2.6 mya Ice ages; origin of genus Homo.
Holocene: 0.01 mya Historical time.

Eons:

(Hadean, Archaean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic)
“Halifax’s Annual Pony Parade”

Eras:

(Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic)
“Pigs Must Cuddle”

periods

(Ediacarian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene)
“Elderly Cows Often Sit Down Carefully. Perhaps Their Joints Creak or Perhaps
Not?

Epochs

(Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Holocene)
“Paul Earned Oodles of Money Playing Poker in Halifax”

Order of taxonomy in biology:

(Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)
“Dirty King Phillip Could Only Find Green Shoes””