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Harappans
The people of the first civilizations arise in India. They lived in the Indus River Valley
Indo-Europeans
Various groups of people who lived north of the Black Sea and in central Asia, and began migrating from India and Europe beginning c.200 B.C
Aryans
A group pf Indo-European people who invaded the Indian subcontinent beginning c2000 B.C
Dravidians
The indigenous people of the Indian subcontinent that spoke a language that was in a Dravidian Language family
Indus River
The longest river in the indian subcontinent, It is the location of the first civilization in India.
Ganges River
The most sacred river in Hinduism. It flows from west to east across northern India and empties into the Bay of Bengal
Himalayan Mountains
The tallest mountain range in the world. It stretches across the northern India subcontinent creating a near impenetrable boundary between India and Tibet
Hindu Kush Mountains
A mountain range to the west of the Indian subcontinent. It creates a boundary between India and Afghanistan.
Khyber Pass
A valley in the Hindu Kush Mountains that allows people to pass through the Hindu Kush Mountains into the Indian subcontinent.
Deccan Plateau
A massive Plateau in central India that is situated between Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats Mountain ranges
subcontinent
A large, distinct landmass that is part of a continent, often identified with India and its surrounding regions.
raja
A title used for a king or prince in India, often associated with historical rulers of various regions.
language family
A group of languages that share a common ancestral language, often classified by similarities in vocabulary and grammar.
varnas
Social classes in ancient Indian society, traditionally divided into four categories: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
jati
The various social classes found within the Indian caste system
cremation
The burning of a dead body
monsoons
Winds that blow in different directions depending on the season
Vedas
Aryan prayers, hymns, stories, and poems passed down through generations by oral tradition.
sanskrit
The language spoken in India from ancient times through middle ages
caste system
A rigid social system that does not allow for movement between the social classes
Dalits
A class of people in India that are outside the caste system. Also called Untouchables
sati
The practice of wives being burned alive with their dead husband’s body
