Medterm - Basics of the Body

Anatomy

Study of the structures of the body

Physiology

Study of the functions of the body

Pathophysiology

Study of disease

upright, forward, side, forward, out

In anatomical position, the body is standing ___, the head and feet are facing ___, the arms are at the person's ____, the palms are facing ___, and the thumbs are ___.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Towards the sides of the body

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment/trunk of body

Distal

Further from the point of attachment/trunk of body

Superior/Cranial

Closer to the top of the head

Inferior/Caudal

Closer to the soles of feet

Anterior/ventral

front of the body

Posterior/dorsal

back of body

Erect

normal standing position

Erect

What position is used for chest x-rays and standing assessments?

High Fowler's

A sitting position with the head of the bed elevated 75 - 90 degrees (or 60 - 90 degrees). Knees are raised slightly.

High Fowler's

What position is used for mealtime, oral care, X-rays, and breathing treatments?

Knee-Chest

Position where patient is lying facedown with knees bent while resting on the knees and chest.

Knee-Chest

What position is used for rectal and pelvic exams?

Lateral

Position where patient lies on their left or right side; commonly used as a recovery position.

Lateral

What position is used for recovery and prevention of aspiration (accidental inhalation into the lungs) while vomiting?

Low Fowler's

A semi-sitting position with the head of the bed elevated about 15 - 30 degrees.

Low Fowler's

What position is used for rest and relief of pressure from the hips and shoulders?

Prone

Position where patient is lying flat, face down.

Prone

What position is used for sleeping/resting, breast cancer care, and bedsore treatments?

Semi-Fowler's

A semi-sitting position with the head of the bed elevated 30 - 45 degrees; knees bent for comfort

Semi-Fowler's

What position is used for rest during childbirth and lung expansion?

Sims'

Side-lying position with one hip/knee straight and the other bent or flexed.

Sims'

What position is used for rectal exams?

Supine

Position where patient is lying flat, face up

Supine

What position is used for CT, MRI, and X-rays?

posterior, anterior

The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into ___ and ___ sections.

Equal

The midsagittal plane divides the body into ___ left and right halves.

Unequal

The sagittal plane divides the body into ___ left and right halves.

Superior, inferior

The transverse plane divides the body into ___ and ___ sections.

Right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and parts of the small and large intestines

What organs does the right upper quadrant contain?

Left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancrease, parts of the small and large intestines

What organs does the left upper quadrant contain?

parts of the small and large intestines, right sides of reproductive organs + excretory system organs

What organs does the right lower quadrant contain?

parts of the small and large intestines, left sides of reproductive organs + excretory system organs

What organs does the left lower quadrant contain?

Small and large intestines

Which organs are present in ALL abdominal quadrants?

Liver, gallbladder

What organs does the right hypochondriac region contain?

Liver, stomach, spleen, duodenum, adrenal glands, pancreas

What organs does the epigastric region contain?

Tip of liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen

What organs does the left hypochondriac region contain?

Ascending colon, small intestine, right kidney

What organs does the right lumbar region contain?

Duodenum, small intestine, transverse colon

What organs does the umbilical region contain?

Descending colon, small intestine, left kidney

What organs does the left lumbar region contain?

Appendix, cecum, ascending colon, small intestine

What organs does the right iliac region contain?

bladder, sigmoid colon, small intestine, reproductive organs

What organs does the hypogastric region contain?

Sigmoid colon, descending colon, small intestine

What organs does the left iliac region contain?

abdomin/o

relating to the abdomen

caud/o

lower part of body, tail

dist/o

far

infer/o

away

medi/o

middle

proxim/o

near

ventr/o

belly

endo-

in

hyper-

above

anter/o

front

cephal/o

relating to the head

dors/o, poster/o

back, behind (two terms)

later/o

side

super/o

above (position)

umbilic/o

umbilicus

exo-

outward

hypo-

below