Kinesiology Anatomy Review

serratus anterior

• Origin: lateral surface of ribs 1-8

• Insertion: medial border of scapula 

• Action: scapular protraction and lateral rotation

• Nerve: long thoracic

trapezius

O: upper; ligamentum nuchae, middle; C7-T3/T4, lower T3/T4-T12 spinous process  

I: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula 

I: spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)

A: upper; scapular elevation, middle; scapular retraction, lower; scapular depression;; ALL 3 WORK TOGETHER with the serratus anterior to create scapular upward rotation

rhomboid major

• Origin: T2-T5 spinous process 

• Insertion: medial border of scapula 

• Action: scapular retraction

• Nerve: dorsal scapular

pectoralis minor

O: anterior surface of ribs 3-5 

I: coracoid process 

I: medial pectoral nerve 

A: scapular depression and downard rotation

deltoid

O: posterior; scapular spine, acromion process, anterior; lateral ⅓ clavicle 

I: Deltoid tuberosity 

I: axillary nerve

A: anterior; GH flexion, middle; GH abduction, posterior: GH extension

supraspinatus

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tuberosity of the humerus 

I: suprascapular nerve

A: GH abduction, compression/stabilization of humeral head into glenoid fossa

infraspinatus

• Origin: infraspinous fossa 

• Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus 

• Action: lateral rotation of arm 

• Nerve: suprascapular 

teres minor

• Origin: lateral border of scapula 

• Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus 

• Action: lateral rotation, adduction of arm 

• Nerve: axillary 

subscapularis

• Origin: subscapular fossa 

• Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

• Action: medial rotation of arm 

• Nerve: subscapular nerve 

teres major

• Origin: lateral border of scapula 

• Insertion: medial crest of intertubercular groove 

• Action: medial rotation, adduction of arm 

• Nerve: lower subscapular

biceps brachii

• Origin (long head): supraglenoid tubercle 

• Origin (short head): coracoid process

• Insertion: radial tuberosity 

• Action: shoulder and elbow flexion, forearm/hand supination 

• Nerve: musculocutaneous

triceps brachii

• Origin (long head): infraglenoid tubercle 

• Origin (lateral head): lateral and posterior surface of humerus 

• Origin (medial head): posterior surface of humerus 

• Insertion: olecranon process of ulna 

• Action: shoulder extension (long head), elbow extension 

• Nerve: radial

latissimus dorsi

• Origin: spinous processes T7-L5, sacrum and iliac crest 

• Insertion: medial crest of intertubercular groove 

• Action: adduction, medial rotation, extends shoulder 

• Nerve: thoracodorsal

pectoralis major

• Origin: medial ⅔ clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages 1-6 

• Insertion: lateral crest of intertubercular groove 

• Action: flexion, adduction, medial rotation 

• Nerve: medial and lateral pectoral nerve

brachialis

• Origin: lower half of anterior humerus 

• Insertion: ulnar tuberosity 

• Action: elbow flexion 

• Nerve: musculocutaneous

brachioradialis

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus 

• Insertion: styloid process on radius 

• Action: elbow flexion 

• Nerve: radial 

pronator teres

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus 

• Insertion: lateral surface of shaft 

• Action: pronation of forearm and hand 

• Nerve: median 

supinator

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus 

• Insertion: proximal part of anterolateral surface of radius 

• Action: supinates forearm/hand 

• Nerve: radial 

extensor digitorum

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus 

• Insertion: extensor apparatus of medial 4 fingers 

• Action: wrist extension, extension of digits 2-5 

• Nerve: radial 

pronator quadratus

• Origin: distal ¼ of anteromedial surface of ulna 

• Insertion: distal ¼ of anterolateral surface of radius 

• Action: pronation of forearm/hand 

• Nerve: median 

flexor digitorum profundus

• Origin: anteromedial surface of superior ¾ ulna 

• Insertion: distal phalanx of 4th digits 

• Action: wrist flexion, flexion of digits 2-5 

• Nerve (radial half): median 

• Nerve (ulnar half): ulnar 

flexor digitorum superficialis

• Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus 

• Insertion: proximal middle phalanges digits 2-5 

• Action: wrist flexion, flexion of digits 2-5 at interphalangeal joints 

• Nerve: median 

lumbricals (1-4)

• Origin: tendon of flexor digitorum profundus 

• Insertion: extensor hood/mechanism of same digits as the tendon of origin 

• Actions: flexion and extension of interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

• Nerve: 2-3 median, 4-5 ulnar

gluteus maximus

• Origin: posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx 

• Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract 

• Action: extension, abduction, lateral rotation 

• Nerve: inferior gluteal 

gluteus medius

• Origin: iliac crest and posterior surface of ilium 

• Insertion: greater trochanter 

• Action: abduction, medial rotation

• Nerve: superior gluteal 

gluteus minimus

• Origin: posterior surface of ilium 

• Insertion: greater trochanter 

• Action: abduction, medial rotation 

• Nerve: superior gluteal 

piriformis (deep)

• Origin: sacrum and ilium

• Insertion: greater trochanter 

• Action: abduction, lateral rotation 

• Nerve: nerve to piriformis (S1 and S2) 

sartorius

• Origin: anterior superior iliac spine 

• Insertion: medial tibial condyle/tuberosity 

• Action: hip and knee flexion, lateral rotation of thigh 

• Nerve: femoral 

iliopsoas

• Origin: iliacus part goes Vertebrae T12-L4, soas part is ⅔ of iliac fossa, iliac crest 

• Insertion: lesser trochanter 

• Action: hip flexion, slight external rotation 

• Nerve: femoral nerve (L2-L4)

adductor magnus

• Origin: pubis and ischium 

• Insertion: linea aspera, adductor tubercle 

• Action: adducts thigh, flexes hip 

• Nerve: obturator and tibial 

adductor longus

• Origin: pubis 

• Insertion: linea aspera 

• Action: adducts thigh, flexes hip 

• Nerve: obturator

gracilis

• Origin: pubis (inferior ramus) 

• Insertion: medial tibial condyle 

• Action: adducts thigh, flexes knee 

• Nerve: obturator

rectus femoris

• Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine 

• Insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity 

• Action: hip flexion, knee extension 

• Nerve: femoral 

vastus lateralis

• Origin: linea aspera of femur, greater trochanter of femur 

• Insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity 

• Action: knee extension 

• Nerve: femoral 

vastus medialis

• Origin: linea aspera of femur 

• Insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity 

• Action: knee extension 

• Nerve: femoral

vastus intermedius

• Origin: body of femur 

• Insertion: patella, tibial tuberosity

• Action: knee extension 

• Nerve: femoral 

biceps femoris

• Origin (long): ischial tuberosity 

• Origin (short): femur 

• Insertion: head of fibula 

• Action: hip extension (long), knee flexion (both) 

• Nerve: tibial (long), common fibular (short) 

semitendinosus

• Origin: ischial tuberosity 

• Insertion: tibial medial condyle 

• Action: hip extension, knee flexion 

• Nerve: tibial

semimembranosus

• Origin: ischial tuberosity 

• Insertion: medial tibial condyle

• Action: hip extension, knee flexion 

• Nerve: tibial 

Gastrocnemius (superficial)

• Origin: medial and lateral femoral condyles 

• Insertion: calcaneal tendon, calcaneus 

• Action: plantarflexes foot, flexes knee 

• Nerve: tibial 

soleus (superficial)

• Origin: fibula and tibia 

• Insertion: calcaneal tendon, calcaneus 

• Action: plantarflexes foot

• Nerve: tibial 

tibialis posterior (deep)

• Position: middle 

• Action: plantarflexion, and inversion

• Nerve: tibial

flexor digitorum longus

• Origin: posterior tibia below soleal line 

• Insertion: plantar surface of base of distal phal;anges of 4 lateral toes 

• Action: flexion of 4 toes 

• Nerve: tibial nerve (L5, S1,2)

flexor hallucis longus

• Origin: posterior fibula, lateral part of fascia of tibia 

• Insertion: big toe distal phalanx 

• Action: flexion 

• Nerve: tibial nerve

peroneus longus

• Origin: lateral fibula 

• Insertion: navicular 

• Action: eversion of foot, slight plantarflexion 

• nerveL superficial peroneal nerve

peroneus brevis

• Origin: lateral surface of fibula

• Insertion: tubercle on base of lateral 5th 

• Action: eversion of the ankle 

• Nerve: superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1) 

tibialis anterior

• Origin: lateral condyle lateral tibial shaft 

• Insertion: medial cuneiform 

• Action: dorsiflexion inversion of foot/ankle 

• Nerve: deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

sternocleidmastoid

• Origin: sternal head - upper part of anterior manubrium, clavicular - superior medial 3rd of clavicle 

• Insertion: lateral mastoid process of occipital bone 

• Action: head extension, flexion of cervical spine, opposite site rotation of head

external intercostal

• Origin: inferior borders of 1-8 ribs 

• Insertion: superior border of ribs below origin site 

• Action: pull ribs up and out, assist with inspiration

internal intercostals

• Origin: ribs and adjacent costal cartilage 

• Insertion: superior border of ribs and costal cartilage 

• Action: pull ribs down and inward, forced exhalation

rectus abdominis

• Origin: pubic crest and symphysis 

• Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilage 5-7th 

• Action: trunk flexion, posterior tilt of pelvis, compresses abdomen 

external abdominal oblique

• Origin: exterior surface ribs 5-12 

• Insertion: iliac spine and iliac crest 

• Action: trunk rotation to opposite side, trunk flexion

internal abdominal oblique

origin: inguinal ligaments, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia 

Insertion: ribs 10-12 

Action: trunk rotation to same side, trunk flexion

transverse abdominis

• Origin: costal margin, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac and inguinal ligament 

• Insertion: linea alba, pubic symphysis and xiphoid 

• Action: controls and tensions lumbo-thoracic abdominal fascia