Chemical Equilibrium and Haber-Bosch Process

Flashcards on Chemical Equilibrium and Le Chatelier's Principle

Le Chatelier's Principle

If a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it shifts in a direction that counteracts the disturbance.

Effect of Concentration Change on Equilibrium

Adding reactants/products affects Q and shifts equilibrium to restore balance.

Effect of Volume Change on Gas-Phase Equilibrium

Decreasing volume shifts the system to reduce the number of gas molecules; increasing volume shifts the system to increase the number of gas molecules.

Effect of Temperature Change on Endothermic Reactions

Increasing temperature increases K, and the reaction shifts forward.

Effect of Temperature Change on Exothermic Reactions

Increasing temperature decreases K, and the reaction shifts in reverse.

Haber-Bosch Process Reaction

N2 + 3H2

Haber-Bosch Process Temperature Compromise

Uses a catalyst at approximately 450 degrees Celsius to balance reaction rate and equilibrium

Haber-Bosch Process Pressure

Uses high pressure to increase NH3 yield

Haber-Bosch Process Ammonia Removal

Ammonia is removed by condensation, and gases are recycled.