HOSA Human Growth and Development Vocabulary Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards derived from the lecture notes covering various aspects of human growth and development, health care, and cultural awareness.

behavior

Individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions.

biology

An individual's genetic makeup.

determinants of health

A range of social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status.

health status

Evaluating specific details of the determinants of health.

Healthy People 2020

An evidence-based 10-year report card describing health care accomplishments within the United States from the years 2000 to 2010.

infant mortality rate

Number of deaths that occur before 1 year of age per 1000 live births.

Leading Health Indicators

Selected high priority issues.

life expectancy

Average number of years a person born in a given year is expected to live.

physical environment

Thought of as that which can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, and tasted.

social environment

Interactions with family, friends, coworkers, and others in the community.

accreditation

Process by which an institution is recognized as meeting specific predetermined standards of care.

Federal Register

Federal legislation concerning health care that is recorded and published.

health maintenance organizations (HMOs)

Provide care for prepaid members.

homeopathy

The use of minute proportions of naturally occurring chemicals for their healing power.

informed consent

The nurse is responsible to sign as a witness that a patient has received information regarding risks, advantages, and alternatives for a planned procedure in a language understood by the patient.

managed care organizations (MCOs)

Attempt to standardize and control costs of health care.

Medicaid

Benefits provided on a basis of need or poverty.

Medicare

Benefits received after contributions are made through payroll deductions.

nurse practice acts

Defines the scope of practice for nurses within that state.

Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC)

Enables traveling nurses to function in multiple states.

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Requires standards of safety to be maintained by employers to protect employee health and safety.

plan of care

Developed as a tool for multidisciplinary communication.

political action committees (PACs)

Influence legislation by offering monetary contributions to legislators who support their needs.

preferred provider organizations (PPOs)

Contract with professionals to provide care to a specific group of patients at an agreed-on fee-for-service rate.

scope of practice

Identification of and legal limitations to the usual and customary skills practiced by a professional.

standards of practice

Foundations of laws related to consumer protection.

acculturation

Adjustment to a new culture leading to differences in practice within the same cultural group.

alternative medicine

Therapies that are used instead of Western medical care.

beliefs

Cultural teachings of practice and values handed down for generations.

complementary medicine

Therapies that are used together with Western therapies.

cultural awareness

Recognizing the history of patients' ancestry or culture.

cultural care

Health-promotion activities initiated by a culturally competent health-care worker.

cultural competence

Awareness of, acceptance of, and respect for beliefs, values, traditions different from one's own.

cultural interventions

Health-care information presented in culturally relevant styles.

cultural sensitivity

Demonstrating knowledge of culturally appropriate behaviors.

cultural stereotyping

Assumption that all individuals in a culture behave the same.

culture

Set of learned values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors shared by a common group.

ethnicity

Cultural pattern shared by people with the same cultural heritage.

ethnocentric

Believing one's culture is superior to others.

stereotyping

Assuming all people from a specific ethnic group behave the same.

values

Deep feelings about what is right or wrong, good or bad.

blended family

One or both spouses bring children from previous relationships into a new family unit.

cultural assimilation

Process by which members of a culture lose characteristics of that group.

cultural relativism

Normality comes from the standard practices of a specific culture.

culture shock

Effect of a sudden change in the cultural environment.

developmental stage

Period in life characterized by the mastery of specific skills or behaviors.

developmental task

Competency or skill that helps a person cope with the environment.

dysfunctional family

A family that lacks consistency among members or rules.

Facebook depression

Depression resulting from excessive use of social networking.

family

Basic social system involving commitment and interaction among members.

family systems theory

Understanding that family functions are interconnected.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Condition resulting from witnessing parental violence or upheaval.

sexting

Sending or receiving sexually explicit messages.

sibling rivalry

Competition between siblings for parental attention.

theory

Group of concepts forming the basis for understanding observations.

behavioral theories

Explain development of specific behaviors and relationships.

behaviorist theory

Learning and interaction with the environment central to development.

classical conditioning

Pairing things in the environment.

cognitive theories

Advancement of theories regarding development.

Electra anxiety

Girls compete with their mothers for fathers' affection.

extrovert

Outgoing person focused on the environment.

humanist theories

Describe the influence of human experiences on behavior.

information-processing theory

Input, processing, and output of information.

introvert

Quiet person focused inwardly on self.

looking-glass self

Self-image formed through the perception of others.

moral reasoning

Development of rules to differentiate right from wrong.

Oedipus complex

Boys compete with their fathers for mothers' affection.

operant conditioning

Involves behavioral consequences such as rewards or punishments.

psychodynamic theories

Focus on personality trait development.

social-learning theory

Influenced by exposure and imitation of behavior.

sociocultural theories

How culture influences behavior.

allele

Pairs of genes from both mother and father.

Apgar score

Rating of heart, respiration, muscle tone, color, and reflex irritability.

attachment

An affectionate tie that develops over time.

bonding

Strong emotional tie between parents and newborn.

chromosome

Thread of protein and DNA contained in the cell nucleus.

dizygotic

Fraternal twins occurring from two separate fertilized ova.

dominant gene

Will overpower a recessive gene most of the time.

ectopic pregnancy

Zygote does not move freely, leading to a potential rupture.

en face

Face-to-face interaction to promote bonding.

egrossment

Intense focus on the newborn.

fetal alcohol syndrome

Results in mental retardation and abnormal facial features.

fetus

Developing baby.

gene therapy

Placing a therapeutic gene on a virus vector.

genetic code

Carries information about proteins determining characteristics.

genetic counseling

Discussion between geneticist and parents about inheritance risk.

genome

Complete set of DNA contained in all cells.

gestation

Fetal life.

gestational diabetes

Diabetes occurring during pregnancy.

monozygotic

Identical twins resulting from a single fertilized ovum.

multifetal

Twins, triplets, quadruplets, and more.

mutated

Variations that can be abnormal.

neonatal

Period of the first 30 days of life.

syndrome

Group of symptoms indicating an abnormal condition.

viable

Able to survive outside the uterus.

virus vector

Virus able to enter specific cells.

autonomy

Independence; self-direction.

cephalocaudal

Growth pattern that progresses from head to toe.

coping skill

Behavior that helps an individual manage stress.

defense mechanism

Protective reaction that conceals conflicts or anxieties.