BSC2086L E.4 Heart Anatomy

Developed for the Broward College course BSC2086/L Anatomy and Physiology II.

apex

• The slightly pointed end of the heart.

• Located left of the medial line.

base

• The broader side of the heart connected to the great vessels.

• Located beneath the second rib.

right atrium

• The superior, right chamber of the heart.

• Receives deoxygenated blood from the inferior and superior venae cavae.

• Pumps blood to the right ventricle.

left atrium

• The superior, left chamber of the heart.

• Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

• Pumps blood to the left ventricle.

right ventricle

• The inferior, right chamber of the heart.

• Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium.

• Pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk.

left ventricle

• The inferior, left chamber of the heart.

• Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium.

• Pumps blood into the aorta.

right auricle

A sac contained within and increasing the volume of the right atrium.

left auricle

A sac contained within and increasing the volume of the left atrium.

coronary sulcus

• Sulcus dividing the atria and ventricles of the heart.

• Contains the coronary sinus.

• Also known as the atrioventricular groove.

anterior interventricular sulcus

• Sulcus dividing the right and left ventricles of the heart on the anterior side of the heart.

• Contains coronary blood vessels.

posterior interventricular sulcus

• Sulcus dividing the right and left ventricles of the heart on the posterior side of the heart.

• Contains coronary blood vessels.

aorta

• A great vessel of the heart.

• Carries oxygenated blood to the systemic circuit.

• Divided into ascending, arch-shaped, and descending portions.

ascending aorta

• The part of the aorta arising from the base of the heart.

• Continues on as the aortic arch.

aortic arch

• The part of the aorta that inverts downwards.

• Continues on as the descending aorta.

descending aorta

The part of the aorta that descends posteriorly.

superior vena cava

• A great vessel of the heart.

• Carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from areas superior to the heart.

• Abbreviated SVC.

inferior vena cava

• A great vessel of the heart (not shown).

• Carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from areas inferior to the heart.

• Abbreviated IVC.

pulmonary trunk

• A great vessel of the heart.

• Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and branches off into the pulmonary circuit.

right pulmonary artery

• Carries deoxygenated blood to the right lung.

• Branches off from the pulmonary trunk.

left pulmonary artery

• Carries deoxygenated blood to the left lung.

• Branches off from the pulmonary trunk.

right pulmonary veins

• A pair of veins located posterior to the right side of the heart.

• Carries oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium.

left pulmonary veins

• A pair of veins located posterior to the left side of the heart.

• Carries oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium.

ligamentum arteriosum

• A small band of connective tissue connecting the pulmonary trunk and aorta.

• Vestigial structure in adults.

interatrial septum

Separates the right and left atria of the heart (not shown).

interventricular septum

Separates the right and left ventricles of the heart.

tricuspid valve

• An atrioventricular valve.

• Controls the flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

• Also known as the right atrioventricular (AV) valve.

mitral valve

• An atrioventricular valve.

• Controls the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

• Also known as the left atrioventricular (AV) valve or the bicuspid valve.

pulmonary valve

• A semilunar valve (not shown).

• Controls the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk.

• Also known as the right semilunar (SL) valve.

aortic valve

• A semilunar valve.

• Controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta.

• Also known as the left semilunar (SL) valve.

pectinate muscles

• Parallel arrangement of cardiac muscle bundles appearing as ridges.

• Located on the anterior side of the interior wall of the right atrium.

fossa ovalis

• A slight oval depression where the foramen ovale of the fetus was.

• Located in the interior wall of the right atrium.

trabeculae carneae

• Prominent ridges of cardiac muscle.

• Located in the ventricles of the heart.

papillary muscle

• Cardiac muscle anchoring the chordae tendineae.

• Located in the ventricles of the heart.

chordae tendineae

• String-like cords of connective tissue that prevents prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.

• Anchored by the papillar muscles.

• Located in the ventricles of the heart.

right coronary artery

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Passes around the lateral right side in the coronary sulcus of the heart and then posterior to the ventricles.

• Arises from the base of the aorta.

• Branches into the posterior interventricular and marginal arteries.

posterior interventricular artery

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Located in and supplies the tissue around the posterior interventricular sulcus.

• One of the branches of the right coronary arteries.

marginal artery

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Supplies the lateral right side of the heart moving toward the apex.

• One of the branches of the right coronary artery.

left coronary artery

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Supplies the anterior side of the ventricles and laterodorsal left side of the heart.

• Arises from the base of the aorta.

• Branches into the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries.

anterior interventricular artery

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Located in and supplies the tissue around the anterior interventricular sulcus.

• One of the branches of the left coronary artery.

circumflex artery

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Wraps around the left side of the heart underneath the left auricle.

• One of the branches of the left coronary artery.

small cardiac vein

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Drains the myocardium on the lateral right side of the heart underneath the right auricle.

• Leads to the coronary sinus.

middle cardiac vein

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Drains the myocardium on the posterior side of the heart, just inferior to the coronary sinus.

• Leads to the coronary sinus.

great cardiac vein

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Drains the myocardium around the anterior interventricular sulcus.

• Leads to the coronary sinus.

coronary sinus

• Part of the coronary circulation.

• Located on the posterior of the heart.

• Receives from the small, middle, and great cardiac veins.

• Empties into the right atrium.