The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880–1917

Industrial City

Transformed from commerce to manufacturing centers.

Steam Power

Facilitated urban growth and industrialization.

Railroads

Enabled transportation of goods and people.

Skyscrapers

Tall buildings designed using steel and elevators.

Electric Streetcars

Revolutionized urban transportation and commuting.

Mass Transit

Systems like trolleys and subways for urban travel.

Ethnic Neighborhoods

Cultural hubs formed by immigrant populations.

Mutual Aid Societies

Support networks for immigrants in cities.

Overcrowded Tenements

Poor housing conditions for working-class families.

Political Machines

Organizations providing services for votes, e.g., Tammany Hall.

Corruption

Inefficiency and graft in machine politics.

Progressive Reformers

Advocated for professional city management and reforms.

Settlement Houses

Community centers aiding urban poor, founded by reformers.

Hull House

Famous settlement house established by Jane Addams.

Sanitation Movements

Efforts to improve urban health and cleanliness.

Frank Sprague

Introduced electric trolley system in 1887.

Upton Sinclair

Author of 'The Jungle', exposing urban squalor.

Jane Addams

Leader in social reform and settlement house movement.

Amadeo Giannini

Founded Bank of America, immigrant entrepreneur.

Urban Governance

Management of city issues and political structures.

Cultural Activities

Programs offered by settlement houses for community engagement.

Class Segregation

Division of urban areas by socioeconomic status.

Technological Advances

Improvements in infrastructure due to industrialization.