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Web Browsers
Software applications used to access and view websites.
Tabbed browsing
A feature that allows multiple web pages to be opened in a single window.
Home page(s)
The main page of a website, typically serving as a starting point for navigation.
HTML
HyperText Markup Language, the standard language for creating web pages.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol, a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another.
Download vs. Upload
Download refers to receiving data from the internet, while upload refers to sending data to the internet.
Pop up windows and blockers
Pop up windows are new browser windows that open automatically, while blockers prevent them from appearing.
Refresh/reload
The action of reloading a web page to display the most current content.
Bookmark/favorite
A saved link to a web page for easy access in the future.
Hyperlinks
Clickable links that direct users to other web pages or resources.
Servers (web server; mail server)
A web server hosts websites, while a mail server manages email communications.
Search Engines
Online tools that allow users to search for information on the internet.
Spiders
Automated programs that browse the web to index content for search engines.
Crawling
The process by which search engines discover and index new web pages.
Boolean operators
Logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) used in search queries to refine results.
Google keyword to restrict search to a specific domain
Using 'site:' followed by the domain to limit search results to that site.
Case sensitive
Refers to distinguishing between uppercase and lowercase letters in searches.
Search exact phrase
Using quotation marks to find results that match the exact phrase.
Search engine vs web browser
A search engine finds information on the internet
GOOGLE
A web browser displays web content.
CHROME, FIRE FOX
To, Cc, Bcc
Fields in an email that specify recipients:
To for primary,
Cc for carbon copy,
Bcc for blind carbon copy.
Reply vs. Reply All
Reply sends a response to the original sender, while Reply All sends it to all recipients.
What does POP stand for in email protocols?
Post Office Protocol
What is the main function of POP email?
when the email is read, the message is removed from the mail server and put on the device that read the message
What does IMAP stand for in email protocols?
Internet Message Access Protocol
What is the main function of IMAP email?
when the email is read, the message is not removed, but kept on the mail server
How is web-based email accessed?
Via a browser
Phishing
A fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by disguising as a trustworthy entity.
Spam
Unsolicited and often irrelevant messages sent over the internet, typically via email.
ALL UPPERCASE meaning
Often interpreted as shouting or emphasizing in written communication.
Menu conventions
Standard practices for organizing and navigating menus in software applications.
Applications
Software programs designed to perform specific tasks for users.
Left-click vs. right-click
Left-click typically selects an item, while right-click opens context menus.
Cross-platform application
Software that can run on multiple operating systems.
Dimmed command
A command that is unavailable or inactive in the current context.
GUI
Graphical User Interface, a visual way of interacting with a computer using icons and menus.
Operating system
Software that manages computer hardware and provides services for application software.
File vs folder
A file is a single document, while a folder is a container for multiple files.
Quick Launch
A feature that allows users to quickly access frequently used applications.
Min, Max, Restore
Buttons to minimize, maximize, or restore a window to its previous size.
Taskbar
A user interface element that displays open applications and provides quick access to them.
Pin/Unpin
To pin an application keeps it in a fixed position on the taskbar, while unpinning removes it.
Notification area
A section of the taskbar that displays system notifications and icons for running applications.
Apply vs. OK
Apply saves changes without closing the dialog, while OK saves changes and closes it.
Icon
A small graphical representation of a program or file.
Contiguous (Shift) and non-contiguous (Ctrl)
Shift selects a range of items, while Ctrl selects individual items that are not adjacent.
View options
Settings that determine how files and folders are displayed in a file management system.
Expand and Collapse
Actions that show or hide the contents of folders in a file management system.
Copy vs. Move
Copy duplicates a file to a new location, while Move transfers it to a new location.
Save vs. Save as
Save updates the current file, while Save as creates a new file with a different name.
Dragging files (with shift/copy)
Holding Shift while dragging creates a copy of the file in the new location.
Recycle bin
A special folder where deleted files are temporarily stored before permanent deletion.
Shortcuts (what not how)
Links that provide quick access to files or programs without navigating through folders.
Disk volume (internal label)
A name assigned to a storage device or partition for identification.
Compress (zip)
The process of reducing the size of a file or folder for storage or transmission.
Extract (unzip)
The process of decompressing a zipped file to access its contents.
Log file (what and how)
A file that records events or transactions, typically used for monitoring or troubleshooting.
Invert selection
A command that selects all unselected items and deselects all selected items.
File extensions (doc, xls, txt, wpd, html, jpg, bmp, mp3, wav, zip)
Suffixes that indicate the file format and determine how files are opened.
Rename
The action of changing the name of a file or folder.
Case sensitive
Refers to distinguishing between uppercase and lowercase letters in file names.
Root directory, subdirectories, directory (e.g. folders)
The root directory is the top-level folder, while subdirectories are folders within it.
File details
Information about a file, such as size, type, and date modified.
LAN
Local Area Network
Computer system
A combination of hardware and software that processes data.
Hardware components, types of software
Physical parts of a computer and programs that perform specific tasks.
Volatile
Refers to memory that loses its contents when power is turned off.
Categories of computers
Different types of computers based on size, purpose, and processing power.
Binary
A numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1.
Bits, bytes
Basic units of data in computing; a bit is a single binary digit, and a byte is typically 8 bits.
Operating system, platform (system software vs. application software)
System software manages hardware, while application software performs specific tasks for users.
Open source
Software with source code that can be modified and shared by anyone.
Internet basics, IP address
Fundamental concepts of the internet, with an IP address being a unique identifier for a device on a network.
Storage medium vs. storage device
A storage medium is the material that holds data, while a storage device is the hardware that reads/writes data.
Magnetic storage vs. optical storage
Magnetic storage uses magnetic fields to store data, while optical storage uses lasers.
Printers, dot pitch, resolution, color depth
Printers produce hard copies of documents, with dot pitch and resolution affecting print quality.
Device driver
Software that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.
Peripheral devices
External devices connected to a computer, such as printers and scanners.
Executable files
Files that contain a program that can be run by the computer.
Computer language - source code vs. object code
Source code is human-readable code, while object code is machine-readable code.
Machine language vs. high level language
Machine language is the lowest-level programming language, while high-level languages are more abstract and user-friendly.
Software license, copyright
Legal agreements that define how software can be used and distributed.
Shareware vs. freeware vs. open source
Shareware is trial software, freeware is free to use, and open source allows modification and redistribution.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a character encoding standard.
Web page vs. web site
A web page is a single document on the internet, while a web site is a collection of related web pages.
Passwords/usernames
Credentials used to authenticate users for access to systems or accounts.
RAM
Random Access Memory
ROM
Read Only Memory
GUI
Graphical User Interface
Ada Augusta Lovelace
First Programmer
Charles Babbage
Father of computer
Joseph Jacquard
Jacquard's Loom, the punched card
John Mauchly and Presper Eckert
Invented the ENIAC, first electronic computer
John von Neumann
introduced the concept of stored programs
Ted Hoff
microprocessor
first generation of computers
1951-1958, vacuum tubes
second generation of computers
1959-1963, Transistors
third generation of computers
1964-1970, integrated circuits
fourth generation of computers
1971-present, large scale integration
CD-ROM
compact disc-read-only memory, can't be burnt
CD-R
Compact Disc Recordable; Can be burned/written once
