Civ Arts exam 1

Dipylon Amphora 8th century BC

• A large vase used for funerary purposes, often decorated with intricate geometric designs and scenes related to the funeral rites.

• A two tone objectcommonly associated with the Geometric period in ancient Greece.

The seven elements of art

line, shape, color, texture, value, form, and space

Exekias, Suicide of Ajax, c. 5th-6th Century BC

• Ajax the great takes his own life with his sword after not winning Achillies armor.

• Odysseus wins the armor

Tenea Kouros, c. 6th century BC

• Characterized by a rigid posture with the left foot forward and the distinctive Archaic smile

• the ancient Greeks got Inspiration from the Egyptians

Kritios Boy, c. 5th century BC

• Greek marble statue which is one of the earliest to exhibit contrapposto

• marks the shift from a rigid, or stylized posture

Winged Victory, c. 2nd century BC

• Depicts goddess Nike the goddess of victory landing on the prow of a warship to celebrate a naval triumph

• very dramatic, and not balanced or orderly

Laocoön Group, c. 40–30 BC

• Laocoön attempted to warn the citizens of Troy not to bring the Trojan Horse into the city ("Beware of Greeks bearing gifts"). In response, the gods who favored the Greeks (such as Athena or Poseidon) sent sea serpents to destroy Laocoön and his sons to keep the trick hidden by attacking and strangling them by giant sea serpents.

The Eleventh Labor of Heracles, c. 5th century BC

• Athena’s body faces us to show us she is always involved. she effortless holds up the earth

• Heracles ventures for apples and Ajax offers to switch spots so he can get apples for him as long as he holds up the sky for him while he is gone. He comes back with apples but refuses to step back under the earth so Heracles tricks him to go back under the earth

Parthenon, 5th century BC

• 8+8=16+1=17 on the long side

Temple of Athena Nike, 5th century BC

• no Metopes

Augustus of Prima Porta, c. 20 BC-15 AD

• Large scale sculpture

• the armor relates to the Roman Gods

• this is propaganda since he is trying to send a political message

• he has a powerful stance. he points up and leans forward as if giving a speech

Ara Pacis Augustae, 13–9 BC

• upper-class people of all ages

• meander at the bottom

Pont du Gard, 1st century AD

• Roman architecture was their very own innovation

• this was an aqueduct

• they were able to build enormous structures

Pantheon, c. 2nd century AD

• Rotunda

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, c. 4th century AD

• stone coffin

• not Ba relief but high relief

• scenes from old and new testament

Christ on His Throne with Angels, c. 5th century AD

• a procession of male figures towards Jesus

• A procession of female figures towards Mary

Isidorus & Anthemius, Hagia Sophia, 6th century AD

• the last dome for 1,000 years

St. John, 8th-9th century AD

• gold plated for light affect

• bird characterizes John

• He writes similarly to how monks wrote

medium

a term used to describe both the various methods and materials used by artists

• e.g. pottery, sculpture, mosaic painting, and printmaking

pottery

clay fired in a kiln

• can be hand molded or turned on a wheel

• can be glazed or left unglazed

amphora

an ancient Greek jar, two handled form, with flared neck, used for storage of oil or wine

geometric design

named for Greek pottery in the 8th and 9th century

• vases were painted with horizontal bands and filled with geometric designs, gradually developing into stylized humans and animals

meander

A decorative pattern consisting of lines turning at right angles to one another forming a continuous border

line

A moving point

• can be straight, zig-zag, or curved

black figure pottery

Style of Greek pottery of the 7th and 6th centuries BC, in which black decoration appears silhouetted on a red background

sculpture

a work of art carried out in three dimensions

• 4 basic processes: carving, modeling in clay, modelling in clay or wax and then casting in bronze, then constructing

kouros

applies to the standing male statues typical of the archaic period

Doric order

• earliest of the ancient architectural orders

• columns sit directly on the floor of the temple

• plain capitals

• Fluted

Metope

carved or painted decorative panel found on the facade of Greek Doric Order temples above the columns

ionic order

• decorative scrolls as the main indicator

• wider bases to help support the structure

• metopes were removed

capitol

sits at the head of a column or pillar

fluting

shape

A two-dimensional enclosed area defines by a line (geometric or organic)

form

A three-dimensional object that encloses volume (geometric or organic)

contrapasso

Relaxed, asymmetrical pose in sculpture where one knee is bent and the body’s weight is mainly put on the other leg, so that the hip of the leg rises relative to the other

bas-relief

carving that protrudes only moderately from the background plane

rotunda

roofed building with a circular floor plan, often covered by a dome

Corinthian order

High-relief

sculpture which projects almost fully, or at least half of its natural circumference, from its background

Mosaic

The technique of making pictures or patterns from small pieces of colored stone or glass set into cement or plaster

Byzantine art

• Associates with the Eastern Roman Empire

• combination of the western classical art and the art of the Near East

• Religious and hieratic: centered on the divine and less on earth-bound things

• two-dimensional and front facing

• gold backgrounds represent heavenly light

• served to educate those who could not read and to inspire wonder and awe

Illuminated Manuscript

a handwritten book in which gold, silver, and bright colors are used in the illustrations to give the appearance of light

Pointed arch

• more support than Roman arch but less than ribbed vault

Romanesque Architecture

• 10th-12 century

• First Pan-European architectural style since the fall of Rome

• Many cathedrals, abbeys built during this period

• “in the Roman style”: use of the Roman rounded arch

• Flat, heavy stone walls

• followed by Gothic style

Gothic Architecture

1220-1400 in central Italy, continuing until the early 16th century in Northern Europe (Germany, Northern France, and England)

• Lightness and verticality

• Pointed arches

• Flying buttresses

• Stained glass windows

Flying Buttress

used to support a building, specifically the Notre Dame

Roman/ Rounded arch

• supports well because of the arch but not as well as a pointed arch or ribbed vault

Ribbed Vault

• very strong

• can hold up tons of stone

• hold up incredibly high ceilings

Melisma

a group of notes sung to one syllable of text

Articulation

Refers to the nature of the starts and ends of notes in music, particularly the degree to which each of a succession of notes is separated in performance

Dynamics

The aspect of musical expression concerned with the variation in the volume of sound

Form

The shape or structure of a musical work

Mass Ordinary

The texts of the Roman Catholic mass that remain constant from day to day

• Kyrie

• Gloria

• Credo

• Sanctus

• Agnus Dei

Saint-Georges de Boscherville Abbey, c. 1113

Chartres Cathedral: West Facade, c. 12th-13th century

Chartres Cathedral: North Rose Window, c. 12th-13th century

Chartres Cathedral: North Facade, c. 12th-13th century

The one and only song this exam

Machaut, Messe de Nostre Dame: Kyrie, c 14th century

what are the lyrics to the Machaut?

Kyrie eleison → Lord, have mercy

Christe eleison → Christ, have mercy

Kyrie eleison → Lord, have mercy

Cimabue, Madonna and Child Enthroned, c. 13th century

Giotto, Kiss of Judas, c. 14th century

Giotto, Crucifixion, c. 14th century

Giotto, Lamentation, c. 14th century

Giotto, Resurrection, c. 14th century

fresco

A type of wall painting in which pigments are applied to wet plaster

naturalism

representation of objects as they are, rather than in a stylized or abstract manner