9/2 - Livestock Vaccines

Vaccine

The ideal what is intended to prevent infection, protect an animal for its entire life, uses a single dose, has no side effects, does not affect meat/hide quality, and is inexpensive? In reality, they do not fix bad management, are not 100% effective, and have benefits and risks.

Manufacturer

What role in the vaccine production process establishes efficacy (doesn’t always equal clinical efficacy), withdrawal times, and safety in the intended species?

Local Site

What reactions are the most common adverse reactions of vaccine administration? This can occur due to adjuvants, dirty needles, dull needles, dirty/wet skin, or incorrect needle size.

10-20

Anaphylaxis due to vaccine administration usually occurs about how many minutes after administration? This will involve rapid breathing, muscle tremors, facial swelling, drooling, and death. This requires monitoring for 1-2 hours after vaccinating.

Abortion

MLV and gram negative vaccines sometimes can cause what serious problem?

Clostridial

What group of vaccines are also called CD/T, 7-way, or 8-way vaccines? These prevent diseases affecting the muscle (C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii, C. tetani), liver (C. novyi type B, C. novyi type D), and gut (C. perfringens C/D, C. perfringens type A, and C. perfringens type B). They are given to both bovines and SRs.

Respiratory

What group of vaccines prevent both viruses and diseases affecting this organ system, and can include SC, IM, and intranasal products? Many are for cattle, but a smaller number are also for SRs. There is no cross protection for extralabel species. 4 or 5-way bovine viral vaccines are most common, preventing BRSV, PI3, IBR, and BVDV. Other vaccines can include Mannheimia, Histophilus, Pasteurella, Mycoplasma, and Leptospira.

Coliform

Vaccines against what type of mastitis are the most economically justifiable vaccines in dairy cows, targeting E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Salmonella species? It is better than other mastitis prevention vaccines.

Neonates

Vaccines against diarrhea in animals of what life stage are typically given to bovines, and can be given extra-label to SRs and camelids? They can be single-agent or combination, preventing E. coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, C. perfringens, and Salmonella (variable efficacy). Typically the dam is vaccinated and the antibodies are passed to the neonate in colostrum.

Reproductive

Vaccines focusing on what organ system are used in bovines and small ruminants, and can be single or combination vaccines? The main pathogens can include Campylobacter/Vibrio (bovine and sheep), C. abortus (sheep), Leptospirosis, and B. abortus.

B. abortus

What bacterial species is also called Bang’s disease, and is vaccinated with the RB51 strain? It is given to heifers 4-12 months old, but requires USDA permission to vaccinate an adult cow. It only protects 65-75% of the herd against infection but does provide abortion protection. Only accredited vets can give this. An RFID ear tag on the left ear is required.

Left

An ear tag on which ear is required after giving a B. abortus vaccine?

Bovines

Are rabies, salmonella, anthrax, fibropapillomas, and pink eye vaccines used in SRs or bovines? Efficacy is variable for warts and pink eye due to different strains.

SRs

Are contagious ecthyma and C. pseudotuberculosis vaccines used in bovines or SRs?

Clostridial, Rabies

Which two vaccines (if in endemic areas) are core vaccines for SRs? Herd focused vaccines include C. fetus, C. abortus, orf, and C. pseudotuberculosis and are commonly given.

Camelids

Which group of species has no licensed vaccine products in the US? MLVs for other species should not be used in these. Core vaccines include CDT/7-way and rabies if endemic. Optional vaccines include bovine leptospirosis, equine WNV, and equine EEV vaccines.

Yes

Can pot-bellied pigs be given commercial sow pre-farrowing vaccines, as well as the rabies vaccine if at risk for it? Individual plans for each animal should be developed.