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China
Developed psychological testing early, granting privileges to passers.
Ancient Egyptians & Greco-Roman
Related mental health to bodily fluids, lacked formal assessments.
Darwin
Introduced natural selection and emphasized individual differences.
Galton
Utilized statistics in psychological experiments, measured physical attributes.
Wilhelm Wundt
Focused on similarity and the need to standardize conditions.
James Mc Keen Cattell
Introduced mental tests, emphasized individual differences in reaction time.
Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon
Developed the first intelligence test for identifying mentally retarded children.
David Wechsler
Created a test to measure intelligence, later evolved into WAIS.
Robert S
Introduced personality measurement, focused on general adjustment and emotions.
Rorschach Inkblot Test
A projective test where individuals project unique needs, hopes, and fears.
Academic Tradition
University researchers use assessment tools to advance knowledge.
Applied Tradition
Selecting applicants based on merit is the goal.
Culture
Socially transmitted behavior patterns and beliefs influencing assessment.
Henry Goddard
Linked the majority of immigrants to low mental capacity.
Affirmative Action
Efforts to combat discrimination and promote equal opportunity.
Legal & Ethical Considerations
Involves laws, ethics, and codes defining standards of care.
Reverse Discrimination
Favoring minority groups in hiring or promotions.
Disparate Treatment
Intentional discrimination in hiring or promotion practices.
Disparate Impact
Consequence of hiring/promoting practice that unintentionally yielded to discrimination.
Litigation
Interpreting laws through court decisions, involving lawsuits.
Rights of Test Takers
Include informed consent, knowledge of findings, privacy, and confidentiality.
Informed Consent
Test takers must have full knowledge and consent to take the test.
Privacy & Confidentiality
Respecting individuals' freedom to disclose information and keeping privileged data private.
Note 
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