Fragmentation in Functional Groups

Alpha (Homolytic Cleavage)

separating between alpha and beta carbons

What is the order of labeling the carbons?

alpha, beta, gamma

What functional groups do alpha cleavage in between the ipso and alpha?

ketones and aldehydes

First Type of Secondary Cleavage

separating between the O/N/X and alpha carbon. The electron in the bond goes to the O/N/X.

2nd Type of Secondary Cleavage

Occurs in Alcohols, separate between the O and alpha carbon with the removal of a gamma H. also, you pick the gamma carbon with the more things connected to it(M-18)

3rd Type of Secondary Cleavage (Mclafferty)

in ketones and aldehydes, separate between alpha and beta but you still have the ipso carbon. HOWEVER, you still have the gamma Hydrogen that wants to bond with the oxygen

in dehydration, where does the positive charge on the oxygen go?

onto the alpha carbon