equality, diversity definitions and the 5 rights

what is equality ?

• to ensure that a person is treated fairly and give the same opportunities regardless of differences

• e.g disability, gender

what is diversity ?

recognising and respecting individual differences

the 15 different aspects of diversity?

• Gender/ gender reassignment

• Race

• Arts

• Cultural differences

• Education

• Family structure

• Disability

• Sexuality and sexual orientation

• Food

• Social class

• Age

• Language

• Religion

GRACE Falls Down Stairs From Shots And Loves Rihanna

the 5 rights of the service user

3 Cs and a PE

• Choice

• Confidentiality

• Consultation

• Protection from harm and abuse

• Equal and fair treatment

explanation of choice and an example ? (rights)

• gives individuals control over their lives

• care workers support choice by giving clear information about the decision so the patient can make an informed choice

• e.g choice of food - vegetarian, gluten free

explanation of confidentiality and an example ? (rights)

• protecting private and sensitive information

• private information should only be shared with individuals directly involved with an individuals care

• e.g password protected computer, locked filing cabinet

explanation of protection from harm and abuse and an example ? (rights)

care settings should follow health and safety legislation to protect people from harm and abuse

• e.g training staff in how to recognise and respond to abuse

what is equal and fair treatment and an example ? (rights)

individuals should be treated according to their needs and not be discriminated against

• e.g providing large texts for people that struggle to read

what is consultation and an example ? (rights)

service users should be asked for their opinions and views about decisions on their care and treatment - it should inform the care they receive

• e.g doctors exploring treatment options with patients

Which service supports children’s mental health issues? (diversity -age -children)

CAMHS (children and adolescent mental health service)

What do people from the same culture share? (diversity - cultural differences)

The same:

• Beliefs

• Traditions

• Language

Etc

Who are working aged adults supported by? (diversity- age- working-age adults)

general health and social care services

e.g GP surgeries

What is social services focus for children? (diversity- age- children)

• Disabilities

• Mental health

• Behavioural issues

• Protecting them from harm and abuse

Where do children go if they can’t be looked after by their parents? (diversity-age- children)

Residential care homes

Why would adult social services be needed? (diversity- age- working age adults)

• Disability

• Condition that affects their day to day life

Age of older people (diversity - age - older people)

65 and over

• Examples of health issues older people are more likely to suffer from (diversity - age - older people)

• Dementia

• Arthritis

• CHD

Branch of medicine that specialises in the care of older people (diversity - age - older people)

Geriatric medicine

ways to support and respect cultural differences? (Diversity - cultural differences)

• Developing personalised care plans - considering cultural needs

• Cultural competence training for staff - less likely they will discriminate

What is a disability? (Diversity - disabilities)

When an impairment makes it harder for a person to carry out daily activities

examples of the impairment in a disability (Diversity - disabilities)

• Physical

• Cognitive

• Mental

• Sensory

Examples of how hsc settings can support individuals with a disability (diversity - disability)

• accessible buildings (for physical disabilities)

• equipment e.g hoists

• signers to help death people communicate

Examples of how religion could impact how someone dresses (diversity - dress)

• Muslim women may wear a hijab - it represents modesty

• Some Hindu men wear turbans - sign of their faith

examples of how ethnicity could impact how someone dresses (diversity - dress)

• Japanese people may wear a Kimono (long sleeve wrap around garment)

What is ethnicity? (diversity - ethnicity)

The social group an individual identifies with because of common traits Eg

• Religion

• Language

• Culture

• Ancestry

what is ethnicity more about ? (diversity- ethnicity)

• people’s roots and cultural identity

• not physical traits or genetic markers

Give an example of when people from the same ethnic group may have different religions (diversity - ethnicity)

• two people from India may practice Hinduism and Islam but share the Indian ethnic background

2 examples of diseases that may be more common in certain ethnic groups (diversity - ethnicity)

• skin and lung cancer are more popular in white populations

• Sickle cell disease in more common in people in the UK with an African or Caribbean background

Examples of ethnicities (diversity - ethnicity)

• Roma

• Punjabi

• British - Jamaican

• What is race? (diversity - race)

• A social construct - based on society’s accepted ideas rather than biology

• Associated with physical characterises society applied to people

What is race commonly divided into (diversity - race)

• White

• Black

• Asian

• Indigenous populations

Why do hsc settings need to monitor health trends? (diversity - race)

To see if any ethnic or racial groups are more at risk of a specific illness due to genetics, lifestyle etc

importance of a diverse workforce (diversity - race)

• Helps people feel represented - like they belong there

• Some people feel more comfortable sharing personal details with staff of a similar culture

How does cultural competence training help practitioners in HSC settings (diversity - race)

• helps them to provide care and support that’s consistent with different cultures

How does education affect health outcomes? ( diversity - education)

Higher level of education - well paid job - afford healthier food options, exercise classes

Higher level of education - more likely to live longer and suffer from fewer illnesses

How has the law regarding education changed (diversity - education)

• In 1944 children left school at 14 or younger

• In 1972 it became a legal requirement for children to stay in school until 16

• In 2023 children had to stay in education or training until 18

• Now number of people going to university has tripled

Different types of family structures (diversity - family structures)

• nuclear family - two parents and at least one child in the same house

• Single-parent families

• Blended family - both parents bring children from previous relationships into the family

• Adoptive family

• Same-sex families

• Foster family

Different family structures and impact on individuals (diversity - family structure )

Lone parent families - challenges in role models

Same sex - more at risk of bullying

Examples of food preferences (diversity - food for special dietary requirements)

• vegetarian

• Vegan

Examples of religious dietary requirements (diversity - food for special dietary requirements)

• Muslims don’t eat pork

• Muslims fast during Ramadan

• Some Christians don’t eat meat on Friday

Examples of food allergies and intolerances (diversity - food for special dietary requirements)

• lactose intolerance

• Gluten intolerance

Different types of diets due to health needs (diversity - food for special dietary requirements)

• diabetic diets - avoid processed sugar

• Low-sodium diets

Examples of different food needs due to age (diversity - food for special dietary requirements)

• young people - higher levels of protein to grow properly

• Older people - softer food

How can HSC settings support different languages (diversity - language)

• written information available in different languages

• should be able to access translators when needed

Importance of music (diversity - music)

• Has a positive effect on people’s mental health and well-being

• Can be used for therapy sometimes

A type of music and importance of this (diversity - music)

• cultural music

• Makes people feel at home in the care setting

• There is different types of music and people have different preferences

3 examples of the main belief systems (diversity - religion or belief)

• Christianity - belief of Jesus, follow the bible

• Judaism - belief of one God, strict diets

• Islam - people who follow this are called Muslims, the mosque is an important place of worship

What do HSC settings need to provide based on religion or belief (diversity - religion or belief)

• quiet rooms to allow for prayer or meditation

• Helpful to have a basic understanding of the main religions

What is gender and the three types (diversity - gender/gender reassignment)

• The roles, behaviour and identity society associates with being:

• male

• female

• Non- binary

What is gender transition and what may it include (diversity - gender/gender reassignment)

• experience a difference between their gender identity and assigned sex

• Socially, legally or medically transition to live as the gender they identify with

May include:

• changing name

• updating legal documents

• Undergoing surgery

How does gender reassignment being a protected characteristic in the equality act help an individual (diversity - gender/gender reassignment)

• safeguards individuals undergoing a transition

What in non-binary (diversity - gender/gender reassignment)

• not exclusively identifying as male or female

4 Different types of sexual orientations (who an individual is attracted to) (diversity - sexuality and sexual orientation)

• heterosexual - attracted to opposite gender

• Homosexual - atttacted to the same gender

• Bisexual - attracted to more than one gender

• Asexual - no sexual attraction but can still has romantic feelings

How can HSC settings provide person- centred care regardless of sexuality (LGBTQ+) (diversity-sexuality and sexual orientation)

• provide awareness training - less likely they will make assumptions about people

• Respect confidentiality about sexual orientation

• Develop an open environment- so they feel comfortable to talk about their sexual orientation if they want to

• Run specialist sessions for LGBTQ+ people that are struggling - build support networks

What does socioeconomic background mean and what is affected by (diversity - socioeconomic background)

• Based on a persons social class and economic status

affected by:

• their education and occupation

• How much money they earn

What are people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds at risk of and what was created to prevent this (diversity - socioeconomic background)

As a result of low incomes:

• long term illnesses

• die younger

→ NHS was created to prevent this inequality

How can HSC services support people from lowers socioeconomic backgrounds (diversity - socioeconomic background)

• food banks and homeless shelters

• Offer advice to make sure they get the benefits they are entitled to

• Flexible appointment times to fit around people work

What is promoting equality and an example (equality)

• Making changes to the way things are done so everyone has access to the same things

e.g ramps on entrances so disabled people are given the same opportunity to access services

Why is promoting equality important (equality)

• there are differences in health outcomes for people in different groups

  → If people are given the same opportunities to access the same care the differences should disappear

• Requirement of the equality act

Positive impact of promoting equality in HSC services (equality - promoting equality)

• People who use the service will have their HSC needs met regardless of differences - make them as healthy as they can be

• Differences in health outcomes should disappear

• Service users will feel welcomed and included - positive impact on mental health

Negative impacts of not recognising the importance of equality (equality - promoting equality)

• different groups will experience worse health outcomes

• People may experience discrimination

• Settings will develop a bad reputation

How must HSC services promote equality (equality - promoting equality)

ensure all individuals are:

• given the same opportunities regardless of differences

• Treated fairly and with respect

• Treated according to their needs - some will need more care than others

Ways different settings can promote equality (equality - promoting equality)

• hospitals having a translation service

• Care homes employing staff from different cultures and who speak different languages

• Care homes providing food that meets cultural and health needs

Examples of discrimination based on race, culture, ethnicity or religion (basis of discrimination)

• treatment and support are not always equal for people from different ethnic groups

  e.g a report showed that black British women were less likely to be offered an epidural during birth than white British women

• Day centres might base activities on traditional Christian festivals which will lead to non-Christian’s to feel excluded

Common age-related prejudices ( basis of discrimination - age)

• Older people are confused by technology

• Younger people are exaggerating a health condition because they are too young to have a particular condition

Specific Examples of age-related discrimination (basis of discrimination - age)

• Hospitals may not carry out as many diagnosis tests on older people as their symptoms are related to ‘ageing’

• younger people aged 50 in care homes may find there is a gap in care provision as activities are aimed at older people

Two types of disabilities and examples (basis of discrimination - disability)

• Visible e.g using a wheelchair

• Not visible e.g hearing loss

Examples of discrimination to people with disabilities (basis of discrimination - disability)

• a GP not having any wheelchair- accessible toilets

• Not having and large- print texts available for people visually impaired

How can people with disabilities experience discrimination (basis of discrimination - disability)

• systems or equipment is set up in ways to disadvantage disabled people

• Do not consider the disability a person has

• Services don’t make reasonable adjustments to make services accessible

Examples of gender discrimination (basis of discrimination - gender)

• in care homes men may receive less support for mental health issues because they can ‘cope better’

• A non binary person having to tick male or female on a form

• Offer treatments to women that are not effective due to the research being carried out on men

Examples of socio-economic background discrimination (basis of discrimination - socio-economic background)

• practioner may hold unintentional prejudices against people of a particular socio-economic group

• GPs may disadvantage lower socioeconomic-economic backgrounds because there isn’t enough appointment times around work

Examples of discrimination based on sexual orientation (discrimination - sexual orientation)

• a social worker more inclined to place a child in care with a straight couple rather than a same-sex couple

• social services not fully understanding issues related to LGBTQ+ people

4 types of discrimination ( discrimination in HSC environments)

• intentional

• Unintentional

• Direct

• Indirect

→ can be two types e.g unintentional indirect - online-booking system - disadvantages people that don’t use the internet like older people

What is discrimination?

The unjust and unfair treatment of individuals based on their differences

7 different types of discrimination

• abuse

• direct discrimination

• indirect discrimination

• stereotyping

• bullying

• prejudice

• labelling

what is abuse?

a negative and harmful way of behaving towards someone

what is direct discrimination? (Discrimination in HSC environments)

intentionally putting someone at a disadvantage

what is indirect discrimination? (Discrimination in HSC environments)

when a policy applies to everyone but has a disadvantage to a particular group

what is prejudice (discrimination in HSC environments)

when someone has an opinion about someone based on a stereotype or without having full knowledge of that person

what is stereotyping? (discrimination in HSC environments)

A fixed idea about a group of people that ignores differences between individuals

• e.g men are stronger than women

different ways discrimination can affect people?

PIES

• physical

• intellectual

• emotional

• social

5 different types of abuse (discriminatory behaviour - abuse )

verbal

physical

mental or psychological

neglect

financial

What is verbal abuse and an example (discriminatory behaviour - abuse)

• words to upset or control someone else such as verbal threats, shouting

• E.g a care worker using racially derogatory terms

What is physical abuse and an example (discriminatory behaviour - abuse)

• where an individual is physically harmed by another person

• E.g disabled people being handled rough when being moved - lead to bruises

What is psychological abuse and an example (discriminatory behaviour - abuse)

• put down or threatened to make them feel worthless or useless

• E.g a disabled person being ignored whilst being cared for

What is neglect and an example (discriminatory behaviour - abuse)

• where someone’s care needs are ignored

• E.g an elderly person being ignored when they have been asking for assistance to go to the toilet

What is financial abuse and an example (discriminatory behaviour - abuse)

• misusing someone else’s money or property

• E.g keeping their change if they go shopping for them

What is being patronising and an example (discriminatory behaviour)

• acting superior to someone and treating them as less intelligent and less capable

• E.g a nurse in a nursing home speaking slower to an older resident without any cognitive impairment just because they are old

5 examples of how discrimination can lead to care workers not protecting particular groups of people and can lead to harm (discriminatory behaviour - breach of health and safety)

• neglecting specific groups of people - not get medication when needed

• Lack of understanding of particular groups - misdiagnose conditions

• Lack of understanding of the needs of the individuals e.g disability - at risk in emergency situations

• Do not take communication needs into consideration - give information that people don’t understand - incorrect dosage of medicine

• Misconceptions about individuals- cleaners avoids going into their room - infections will spread due to poor hygiene

What is bullying and an example (discriminatory behaviour)

• where someone repeatedly treats someone badly such as hurting or intimidating them

• E.g service users bullying someone just because they have a disability

What is inadequate care and 2 examples (discriminatory behaviour - discrimination can lead to inadequate care)

• workers do not fully understand the needs of different groups of people so they provide the wrong care which leads to poor health outcomes

• E.g hospitals not taking into account a persons ethnicity when diagnosing or providing treatments

E.g disabled people not being considered when planning activities - mentally and physically unstimulated - negative effect on wellbeing

What is labelling (discriminatory behaviour)

• when someone is assigned a group and given a label based on a particular characteristic they have

• E.g Christian

• They are not negative but can lead to stereotyping

What is stereotyping (discriminatory behaviour)

physical impacts of discrimination

• condition or illness could get worse - if medication is not given on time - leads to poor physical health

• physical injuries - broken bones, bruises e.g if being moved roughly

intellectual effects of discrimination

• loss of focus / concentration - poor physical health and pain

• lack of mental stimulation - e.g left to watch TV all day