A Level Chemistry Fundamentals: Elements, Compounds, and Ions

A complete set of vocabulary practice flashcards based on essential A Level chemistry concepts, covering elements, molecular structures, acids, compounds, and common positive and negative ion formulas.

Hydrochloric Acid

A common acid with the chemical formula $HCl$.

Sulfuric Acid

A common acid with the chemical formula $H_2SO_4$.

Nitric Acid

A common acid with the chemical formula $HNO_3$.

Phosphoric Acid

A common acid with the chemical formula $H_3PO_4$.

Ammonia

A common simple molecular compound with the chemical formula $NH_3$.

Methane

A simple molecular compound with the chemical formula $CH_4$.

Hydrogen Sulfide

A simple molecular compound with the chemical formula $H_2S$.

Carbon Dioxide

A simple molecular oxide with the chemical formula $CO_2$.

Carbon Monoxide

A simple molecular oxide with the chemical formula $CO$.

Nitrogen Monoxide

A simple molecular oxide with the chemical formula $NO$.

Nitrogen Dioxide

A simple molecular oxide with the chemical formula $NO_2$.

Sulfur Dioxide

A simple molecular oxide with the chemical formula $SO_2$.

Sulfur Trioxide

A simple molecular oxide with the chemical formula $SO_3$.

Silicon Dioxide

A giant covalent compound with the chemical formula $SiO_2$.

Monatomic Elements

Elements consisting of single unbonded atoms, including noble gases such as helium ($He$), neon ($Ne$), argon ($Ar$), krypton ($Kr$), xenon ($Xe$), and radon ($Rn$).

Simple Molecular Elements

Elements existing as simple covalent molecules, including $H_2$, $N_2$, $O_2$, $F_2$, $Cl_2$, $Br_2$, $I_2$, phosphorus ($P_4$), and sulfur ($S_8$).

Giant Covalent Elements

Elements whose formula is represented simply by their symbol, such as diamond ($C$), graphite ($C$), graphene ($C$), and silicon ($Si$).

Metallic Elements

Elements whose chemical formula is written as a single symbol, such as magnesium ($Mg$), iron ($Fe$), sodium ($Na$), and nickel ($Ni$).

Ionic Elements

Non-existent category of chemical elements; the notes explicitly emphasize that 'There are no ionic elements!!'.

Monatomic Compounds

Non-existent category of chemical compounds; the notes state 'There are no monatomic compounds!!'.

Metallic Compounds

Non-existent category of chemical compounds; the notes state 'There are no metallic compounds!!'.

Nitrate Ion

A common polyatomic negative ion with the formula $NO_3^-$.

Sulfate Ion

A common polyatomic negative ion with the formula $SO_4^{2-}$.

Carbonate Ion

A common polyatomic negative ion with the formula $CO_3^{2-}$.

Hydrogencarbonate Ion

A common polyatomic negative ion with the formula $HCO_3^-$.

Hydroxide Ion

A common polyatomic negative ion with the formula $OH^-$.

Hydride Ion

A negative ion formed by hydrogen with the formula $H^-$.

Phosphate Ion

A common polyatomic negative ion with the formula $PO_4^{3-}$.

Ammonium Ion

A common polyatomic positive ion with the formula $NH_4^+$.

Zinc(II) Ion

A positive transition metal ion with the formula $Zn^{2+}$.

Silver(I) Ion

A positive transition metal ion designated as silver(I).

Group 1 Ions

Positive ions formed by Group 1 metals, carrying a $+1$ charge: lithium ($Li^+$), sodium ($Na^+$), and potassium ($K^+$).

Group 2 Ions

Positive ions formed by Group 2 metals, carrying a $+2$ charge: magnesium ($Mg^{2+}$), calcium ($Ca^{2+}$), and barium ($Ba^{2+}$).

Group 3 Ions

Positive ion formed by Group 3 metal aluminium, with the formula $Al^{3+}$.

Group 6 Ions

Negative ions formed by Group 6 non-metals, carrying a $-2$ charge: oxide ($O^{2-}$) and sulfide ($S^{2-}$).

Group 7 Ions

Negative ions formed by Group 7 halogens, carrying a $-1$ charge: fluoride ($F^-$), chloride ($Cl^-$), bromide ($Br^-$), and iodide ($I^-$).