CH 6 - General Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

Practice flashcards covering general anatomy, physiology, and major body systems based on lecture notes.

What is the definition of Anatomy?

The study of the human body that can be seen from the naked eye.

What is the definition of Physiology?

The study of the functions/activities performed by the body’s structure.

What is Histology?

Microscopic anatomy; study of tiny structures found in body.

What is the basic unit of all living things?

Cells.

What are the three parts that cells are composed of?

Nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

What is Tissue?

A collection of SIMILAR cells that perform a special function.

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Connective, Epiothelial, Muscular, and Nerve.

What is the organization of life represented by the acronym C.T.O.S?

Cells to Tissue to Organs to Systems

Which organ is responsible for pumping blood?

Circulatory System aka Heart.

Which system is responsible for removing bodily waste?

Excretory.

Which system is responsible for producing hormones?

Endocrine.

Which system is responsible for protecting the body with skin, hair, and nails?

Integumentary.

Which system is responsible for fighting infection?

Lymphatic/Immune.

Which system is responsible for sending messages throughout the body?

Nervous.

Which system is responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Respiratory.

What are the four main functions of the skeletal system?

Support, Protection, Shape, and Movement w/ muscles.

How many bones do humans have in total?

206.

Which bone is the upper arm?

Humerus.

Which bones make up the forearm?

Radius and ulna.

Which forearm bone is on the thumb side?

Radius.

What is the name for the wrist bones?

Carpals.

Which bones make up the palm of the hand?

Metacarpals.

Which bones make up the fingers?

Phalanges.

What is the thigh bone?

Femur.

Which bones make up the lower leg?

Tibia and fibula.

What are the ankle bones called?

Tarsals.

What is the name for the kneecap?

Patella.

What is a Pivot joint?

A ball and socket joint where one bone turns on another bone; one bone is rounded and fits into the socket (hollow part).

What are Gliding Joints?

Two bones that glide over each other.

What four things stimulate the muscular system?

Massage, Electrical Current, Heat, and Nerve Impulses (Chemicals).

Which muscles are responsible for swinging the arm?

Pectoral major and minor and Trapezius.

Which muscle is responsible for raising the arm?

Serratus anterior.

What muscles make up the upper arm?

Biceps and Triceps.

What is the main job of the Biceps?

To bend the elbow.

What is the main job of the Triceps?

To straighten the elbow.

What is the main job of the Abductors in the hand?

To separate fingers.

What is the main job of the Adductors in the hand?

To draw in fingers.

What is the responsibility of the nervous system?

It controls and coordinates the body.

What are the three main subdivisions of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System (CNS), Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), and Autonomic nervous system (ANS).

What do the subdivisions of the nervous system control?

CNS controls muscles/the five senses; PNS carries messages from CNS; ANS controls involuntary muscles like the organs.

What makes up the CNS?

Brain and Spinal cord.

What do sensory nerves do?

Carry messages from the sense organs to the brain.

What do motor nerves do?

Carry messages from the brain to the muscles that produce movement.

What are the functions of Red blood cells, White blood cells, and Platelets?

Red blood cells deliver oxygen using hemoglobin; White blood cells protect body from disease; Platelets stop bleeding by clotting.

What is the responsibility of Plasma in the blood?

To carry nutrients to the cells and remove CO2 from cells.

What is the responsibility of the endocrine system?

Produce hormones that send messages that promote growth, metabolism, and mood.

What glands compose the endocrine system?

Pineal Glands, Pituitary Glands, Thyroid Gland, and Pancreas.