A&P-integument

Integumentary system

The system comprising the skin and its accessory structures that provides protection, sensation, and regulatory functions.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, avascular, and contains multiple strata.

Dermis

The thick layer of skin beneath the epidermis, containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings.

Hypodermis

The subcutaneous layer of connective tissue and fat that supports the skin and connects it to underlying structures.

Accessory organs

Structures such as glands, hair, and nails that are associated with the skin and contribute to its functions.

Sebaceous glands

Glands in the skin that secrete sebum to lubricate and protect the skin and hair.

Sweat glands

Glands that produce sweat to aid in thermoregulation and excretion.

Keratinization

The process by which keratinocytes produce keratin, causing the outermost layer of skin to become tough and resistant.

Stratified squamous epithelium

A type of tissue that consists of multiple layers of flat cells, providing protection against abrasion.

Meissner corpuscles

Touch receptors located in the papillary layer of the dermis, sensitive to light touch.

Nociceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to pain stimuli, providing the body with information about potential harm.

Thermoregulation

The regulation of body temperature through mechanisms such as sweating and blood flow.

Melanocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, contributing to skin pigmentation.

Langerhans cells

Immune cells found in the epidermis that play a role in detecting foreign invaders.

Papillary layer

The uppermost layer of the dermis, composed of loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerve endings.

Reticular layer

The deeper layer of the dermis that provides strength and elasticity to the skin, made of dense irregular connective tissue.

Subcutis

Another term for the hypodermis, which contains fat and connective tissue.

Pacinian corpuscles

Nerve endings located in the hypodermis that respond to deep pressure and vibration.

Guard hairs

Primary hairs that form the outer coat of an animal, providing protection and insulation.

Vibrissae

Tactile hairs (whiskers) that are sensitive to touch and help animals navigate their environment.

Eccrine glands

Sweat glands found all over the body that help regulate temperature through sweating.

Apocrine glands

Sweat glands that are primarily found in specific areas such as the armpits and groin, involved in scent secretion.

Digital pads

Thickened skin on the toes and hands of animals that provide cushioning and support.

Chestnuts

Remnants of digits on the legs of equines, covered in thickened skin, similar to paw pads.

Nasal planum

The hairless surface of the nose in certain animals, often specialized for scent detection.

Horns

Permanent, bony structures that grow from the frontal bones of some mammals, typically not shed.

Antlers

Branching bony structures that are shed and regrown annually, typically the male reproductive feature.

Cutaneous epithelium

The epithelial tissue type that makes up the skin, providing protection and barrier functions.

Fibroblasts

Cells in the dermis responsible for producing collagen and elastin fibers.

Keratin

A fibrous protein that forms the basis of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin.

Basal layer (Stratum basale)

The deepest layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs.

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, flattened keratinized cells.