Learn: Physical Changes Associated with Aging : Notes

Biopsychosocial Model of Aging

Aging reflects the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Programmed Theories of Aging

Theories proposing aging is genetically programmed and occurs with time.

Error and Random Theories of Aging

Theories proposing aging results from accumulated environmental and cellular damage.

Hayflick Limit

The approximate limit of 50 human cell replications before replicative senescence.

Telomeres

Protective chromosome ends that shorten with each cell replication, limiting further division.

Intrinsic Skin Aging

Gradual, irreversible structural and functional changes caused by the passage of time.

Extrinsic Skin Aging

Skin changes affected by external factors like sunlight, smoking, and diet.

Presbyphonia

Age-related changes in the voice, including reduced volume, tremor, and pitch shifts.

Presbyopia

The age-related inability to focus clearly on nearby objects due to a stiffening lens.

Glaucoma

Condition where fluid buildup damages the optic nerve, affecting peripheral vision.

Presbycusis

Age-related hearing loss characterized by an inability to hear high-frequency sounds.

Anosmia

The loss of the ability to smell, signaling broader physiological decline.

Innate Immunity

Protection you are born with, including physical and chemical barriers.

Adaptive Immunity

Immunity developing through antigen exposure, forming the basis of vaccination.

Type 2 Diabetes

Adult-onset diabetes managed through diet, lifestyle changes, and sometimes insulin.

Sarcopenia

The progressive age-related decline in muscle mass, strength, and functional ability.

Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint condition where cartilage wears away, causing bone friction.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An inflammatory condition causing chronic, painful inflammation of the synovial membrane.

Vestibular System

Inner ear structure whose age-related changes impair balance and cause dizziness.

White-Matter Hyperintensities

Brain scan abnormalities associated with myelin loss and poorer cognitive functioning.

Menopause

Mid-to-late 40s transition involving sharp estrogen/progesterone drops and ending fertility.

Andropause

A slow, non-universal decrease in testosterone experienced by some aging men.

Overactive Bladder

Secondary aging condition causing urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence.

Heterogeneity in Aging

Substantial physical and psychological variation between people as they age.

ElderCare Edmonton

A day program helping older adults socialize, exercise, and maintain independence.