Endocrine Body system Organiser Unit 2.2

What is glucagon and where does it travel?-hormone

It raises glucose levels by signaling the liver to release glucose after being sent to the pancreas. Pancrea→Liver

What is Insulin and where does it travel?-hormone

Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by traveling through the blood and alerting cells to intake glucose. Pancreas→Liver,Pancreas→Skeletal Muscle

What is GnRH and where does it travel?-hormone

It stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. Hypothalamus→Pituitary gland

What is FSH and where does it travel?-hormone

It stimulates the development of gametes. Pituitary gland→ovaries,Pituitary gland →testes

What is testosterone and where does it travel?-hormone

It stimulates sperm production and growth. Testes→skeletal muscle

What is estrogen and where does it travel?-hormone-hormone

Stimulates the management of the menstrual cycle. Ovaries→Uterus

What is progesterone and where does it travel?-hormone

Maintains the uterine lining for potential pregnancy. Ovaries→uterus

What is the function of the ovaries?

Produces female gametes and secretes sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone,which regulates reproductive cycles.

What is the function of the testes?

Production of sperm cells and secretion of testosterone.

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Acts as a link between the nervous and endocrine system. Controls the pituitary gland by secreting hormones.

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

Receives the signal and releases hormones that regulate hormones that regulate the activity of the the ovaries and testes.Controls other bodily functions like growth as well.

What is the function of LH and where does it travel?

Triggers ovulation in the ovaries and testosterone production in the testes. Pituitary gland→ovaries,Pituitary gland→testes

How is the pancreas an exocrine and endocrine gland?

The pancreas acts as an exocrine gland by secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate through ducts into the small intestine to break down food. Simultaneously, it functions as an endocrine gland by releasing insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream to maintain blood glucose homeostasis.

-Mention that the exocrine part uses ducts while the endocrine part is ductless (it goes straight into the blood). This is a common "trick" question on PLTW assessments.

What is the function of the uterus?

The uterus uses ovarian estrogen and progesterone to build its lining, then acts as an endocrine structure by secreting prostaglandins or prolactin to either trigger menstruation or maintain pregnancy.