genotypes

trait

specific characteristic of an individual

allele

version of a gene

(dominant=capitol letter and expressed

recessive=lowercase+hidden)

genotype

allele carried for a gene (1 from mom and 1 from dad)

phenotype

alleles that are expressed

original generation

Parent generation

generation that results from the parent generation

F1 generation

purebred

produce offspring identical to itself hy

hybrid

offspring of parents with different traits

genes

passed from 1 generation to the next (determines characteristics)

characteristics such as seed color are determined by________

genes

yellow and green colors are determined by ______

alleles

segregation

separation of alleles during gamete formation

incomplete dominance

mixed together, combination of alleles

codominance

both alleles show up (spotted, co dependent)

complete dominance

One allele is dominant over the other (Gregor Mendal)

Dihybrid cross

-cross involving 2 traits

-traits are found on nonhomologous chromosomes

-determine the combinations of gametes for both parents

multiple alleles

crosses involving more than 2 alleles

antigen

marker on the outside of cells that allow cells to communicate with other cells and tissues

antigens are found on the ______ of RBC

outside

______ against the antigens are found in the plasma of blood

antibodies (A blood has antibodies against antigen B)

if two different blood types mix, the blood will ______

agglutinate (clump)

Rh factor

another inherited protein found on blood proteins

Rh+ = antigen present

Rh- =antigen is absent

polygenic traits

traits that are produced by the interaction of many DIFFERENT genes

an example of a polygenic traits is high blood pressure because…

there are many alleles that contribute to it (such as person’s weight, cholesterol level and kidney function)

sex linked traits

traits found on the 23rd chromosome, aka sex chromosome

autosome

the other 22 chromosome pairs that do NOT determine sex of a child

who determines the sex of the child

father

barr body

the inactivated X chromosome that has condensed into a compact structure and maintains its silent state

hemophilia

inability to clot your own blood

pedigree

a chart used to analyze the pattern of inheritance for a trait among family members

a trait is often _____ if it increases or is seen in each generation

dominant