Lesson 5: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Pt. 1)

Transes-Based

Autism Spectrum Disorder

It is defined as the early presence of a dyad persistent deficits that are present in a child’s life and cause significant impairment in everyday functioning in multiple context

Presence of hallucinations and delusions

In Autism Spectrum Disorder, the dyad of deficits are the following, except?

• Social communication and social interaction (pervasive and sustained)

• Presence of hallucinations and delusions

• Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (this manifests in a range according to age and ability, intervention, and current support)

• These symptoms are present from early childhood

• Limits or impairs everyday functioning

Significant deterioration in memory functioning

The following must be present to be diagnosed with ASD, except?

• Problem with social reciprocity

• Difficulty in nonverbal communication

• Significant deterioration in memory functioning

• Problems in initiating and maintaining social relationships

True

The deficits in social reciprocity and nonverbal communication can combine to influence the third symptom, which is problems maintaining social relationship

True or False

Theory-Of-Mind Deficits

The gap between intellectual and adaptive functional skills is often large. It is common for individuals with autism to have ________, which refers to difficulty seeing the world from another person’s perspective

False

The Theory-Of-Mind Deficits is present in all cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder

True or False

Joint Attention

Individuals with more severe symptoms of ASD have an inability to engage in ______. An example of this is when a toddler sees a toy she likes and reaches for it without looking at her mother or sharing the excitement. Even when called, she keeps her gaze fixed on the toy.

Joint Attention

When discussing the _______ of individuals with ASD, it highlights their exhibition of self-focus and lack of showing interest in things other people care about.

Prosody

Those with a less severe form of ASD may also lack appropriate facial expressions or tone of voice when speaking or give an appearance of general nonverbal awkwardness. This is discussed under the term ________.

Echolalia

Some individuals with ASD may repeat the speech of others and their intonation, which is a sign of delayed speech development. This term is usually called ______

Stereotypical and Ritualistic Behaviors

Often people with ASD would spend countless hours in _________

Stereotypical Movements

Spinning around in circles, waving their hands in front of their eyes with their heads cocked to one side, and biting their hands are some of the few examples of _________ that are observed from individuals with ASD.

Maintenance of Sameness

Individuals with ASD are usually more keen in their _______, which refers to the intense preference for the status quo

Characterized primarily by intellectual disability

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) defines autism as follows, except?

• A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction

• Generally evident before the age of three

• Adversely affects educational performance

• Characterized primarily by intellectual disability

Significant decline in language skills after a brain injury

One of the definitions of ASD proposed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) is its often association with several characteristics. Which among the following is not associated with ASD?

• Significant decline in language skills after a brain injury

• Engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements

• Resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines

• Unusual responses to sensory experiences

True

School personnel are not required to rely on the DSM diagnoses to serve students with ASD

True or False

Multidisciplinary Team

Instead of basing the ASD diagnosis only from the DSM, the _______ evaluates the child suspected of having ASD to determine if they have a disability that adversely impacts the student’s progress in the general curriculum.

504 Plan

The _______ is an accommodation plan that is served to students with ASD whose educational progress is not significantly impacted by their condition and who are experiencing success in school

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

ASD is frequently associated with ________ and language disorder.

True

ASD is also commonly associated with Specific Learning Disorders, as is Developmental Coordination Disorder

True or False

Deficits in Social Communication and Interaction

ASD is characterized by two primary distinguishing features. One of which is _________, where individuals with ASD have persistent deficits in social skills involving communication and interactions with others

Social-Emotional Reciprocity

Some individuals with ASD has difficulty in ________, where they don’t respond when their name is called, while some struggle to engage in back-and-forth conversations

True

Individuals with ASD possess characteristics that are limited to no initiation of social interactions and difficulty using and understanding non-verbal communications

True or False

30%

______ of those with autism do not develop functional speech

Echolalia

Some individuals with ASD who do speak engage in unusual stereotypical speech such as ________

Restricted, Repetitive Patterns of Behavior, Interests, or Activities

In addition to social impairments, individuals with ASD exhibit stereotyped or ________

Stereotypic Behavior

Individuals with ASD exhibits patterns of movements, such as flicking hands, rocking, and spinning, which is known as _______

Low-Functioning Children

Self-injurious behavior is more often found in ________

False

Individuals with ASD can’t have stereotypical or ritualized language, such as echolalia and Idiosyncratic language

True or False

Distressed

Often, individuals with ASD arrange items in a symmetrical, orderly fashion and are greatly ________ when items are moved or disrupted

Inflexibility and Adherence to Routines

This characteristics highlights an individual with ASD’s intense and rigid insistence on sameness, ritualized patterns of verbal/nonverbal behavior, and deviation to adapt or follow certain routines.

Fixated Interest

This characteristics highlights an individual with ASD’s intense interest in certain topics, objects, or activities that can be all-consuming

Sensory Sensitivities

This characteristic highlights an individual with ASD’s trait of having hyper- or hypo-responsivity to particular elements in the environment

Developmental Condition

It is the most frequently occurring conditions in tandem with ASD

Developmental Condition

Its most common conditions are language disorders, intellectual disabilities, and ADHD, but can also include motor coordination difficulties, hyperactivity, and other maladaptive behaviors

Mental Health Conditions

________ can also occur in young children where they can be diagnosed with conditions such as oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorder, emotional disturbance, obsessive-compulsive disorder, among other conditions

Medical Conditions

Neurological and other ________ also occur in children with ASD. Although relatively rare, conditions such as fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, and 15q duplication syndrome have also been found in children with ASD

Epilepsy

The most common neurological and medical condition associated in children with ASD is _______, affecting up to 46%

Hypo-Responsive

It is a low degree of reaction to a stimulus, such as a physical or emotional stimulus

Hyper-Responsive

A high degree of reaction to a stimulus, such as a physical or emotional stimulus

Early Childhood

Autism Spectrum Disorder is part of the neurodevelopmental disabilities and, by definition, it appears in ________

Memory loss of previously learned skilled

The following are the first signs that are usually shown by children with ASD, except?

• No or late language

• Not answering to their name

• Little interest in interacting with others

• Repetitive interests that are already visible in the first years of life

• Memory loss of previously learned skilled