Anatomy II - Mediastinum

T1-T12 Vertebrae

Posterior boundary of Mediastinum

Lung cavities

Lateral boundary of Mediastinum

Sternum

Anterior boundary of Mediastinum

Diaphragm

Inferior boundary of Mediastinum

Thoracic Inlet

Superior boundary of Mediastinum

Pericardial Sac

Thymus

Thymus

T lymphocytes mature here during fetal development.

Fibrous Pericardium

found only outside of Pericardial Sac

tough, prevents rapid overfilling of heart chamber

Parietal Layer of Serous Pericardium

found on the inner surface of Fibrous Pericardium

smooth, protects heart from friction rubs

synthesizes Pericardial Fluid

Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium

found on the outer surface of Heart

together with underlying Epicardial Fat = Epicardium

smooth, protects heart from friction rubs

synthesizes Pericardial Fluid

Pericardial Effusion

Inflammatory conditions can result in the production of too much Pericardial Fluid

Cardiac Tamponade

Reduces cardiac output when Pericardial Fluid fills pericardial cavity and compresses the heart; Bleeding into the Pericardial Cavity can also cause this

Inferior Vena Cava

returns deoxygenated blood from below diaphragm

Superior Vena Cava

returns deoxygenated blood from above diaphragm

Pectinate Muscles

Crista Terminalis

Tricuspid Valve

Chordae Tendineae

Trabeculae Carniae

J

Anterior Papillary Muscle

Septomarginal Trabecula

Posterior Papillary Muscle

Pulmonary Trunk

Septomarginal Trabecula

transmits electrical signal triggering contraction of Anterior Papillary Muscle

Pulmonary Ligament

Pulmonary Veins

Bicuspid Valve

Aortic Valve

Ascending Aorta

inferior border; diaphragm

Diaphragmatic Surface of heart

Surface of Left Atrium

Base of heart

left border: left lung

Pulmonary Surface of heart

Left Brachiocephalic Vein

Right Brachiocephalic Vein

Superior Vena Cava

Right Common Carotid Artery

Right Subclavian Artery

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Aortic Arch

Left Common Carotid Artery

Left Subclavian Artery

Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Vagus Nerve

Thoracic Aorta

Esophagus

Esophageal Plexus

Azygos Vein

Thoracic Duct

Arch of the Azygos Vein

Phrenic Nerve

Green arrow

Vagus nerve

Blue arrow

Hemiazygos Vein

Bronchial Arteries

G

Esophageal Arteries

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus

Pulmonary Circuit

Right side of heart

Systemic Circuit

Left side of heart

oxygenated blood

Systemic Circuit has

deoxygenated blood

Pulmonary Circuit has

Anterior Cardiac Veins

Coronary Sinus

Great Cardiac Vein

Posterior Interventricular Sulcus

Coronary Sinus

Middle Cardiac Vein

Opening of the Coronary Sinus

Right Coronary Artery

Left Coronary Artery

Left Circumflex Artery

Anterior Interventricular Artery

Posterior Interventricular Artery

Myocardial infarction

necrosis of an area of the myocardium caused by inadequate blood supply.

75%

Posterior Interventricular Artery arises from the Right Coronary Artery in what % of people (Right dominant)

15%

Posterior Interventricular Artery arises from the Left Coronary Artery in what % of people (Left dominant)

10%

Posterior Interventricular Artery arises from both Right and Left Coronary Artery in what % of people (Co-dominant)

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

When an obstruction occurs in one or more coronary arteries or their branches, either the great saphenous vein or internal thoracic artery can be grafted to shunt blood to the artery distal to the obstruction.

Oblique Pericardial Sinus

Space within the pericardial cavity, inferior and posterior to the heart. Surrounded by the Inferior Vena Cava and Pulmonary Veins

Transverse Pericardial Sinus

Space within the pericardial cavity, posterior to the Ascending Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk