Semester 2 Exam Review

What type of muscle tissue is biceps brachii?

Skeletal muscle

What type of muscle tissue is found in the bladder?

Smooth muscle

What type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?

Cardiac muscle

Which type of muscle tissue has the job of creating body heat?

Skeletal muscle

What type of muscle tissue has the job of digestion?

Smooth muscle

Which type of muscle tissue has the job of pumping blood through 60,000 miles of blood vessels?

Cardiac muscle

Muscle’s ability to respond to stimuli, such as an action potential from a motor neuron

Excitability

Muscle’s ability to return to its original shape after contracting or relaxing

Elasticity

Example: you lift a weight over your head. Your triceps muscle shortens and becomes firm as you lift it

Contractility

Example: you stretch before your cross-country race and your muscles do not tear

Extensibility

What are the two largest divisions of the nervous system?

Central and peripheral

Which organs are included in the central nervous system?

Brain and spinal cord

Which organs are included in the peripheral nervous system?

Cranial and spinal nerves

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for sensory input in the brain?

Sensory division

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for motor output from the brain?

Motor division

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for integration (understanding) of sensory input and motor output?

Central nervous system

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Motor and sensory divisions

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is also known as the efferent (exit) division?

Motor division

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is also known as the afferent (arrive) division?

Sensory division

What are two divisions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system?

Autonomic and somatic nervous system

The purpose of your cardiovascular system is to

Transport blood to and from every living cell in the body

What is your heart made of?

Cardiac muscle

What is the difference between and artery and a vein?

• Arteries-carries blood away from the heart

• Vein- carries blood to the heart

What percent of our human blood volume is plasma?

55%

Plasma is really just blood’s

Liquid matrix

What type of tissue is blood?

Connective tissue

Deoxygenated blood appears

Dark red

You have two patients: a male and a female. Which patient should have a higher hematocrit reading?

Male

What vocabulary term matches this definition: a series of reactions that stops the bleeding when a blood vessel wall breaks; provides time for the blood vessel to heal itself?

Hemostasis

What does the smooth muscle of a blood vessel do in response to released proteins after an injury?

Constrict

Which of the following is not apart of the processes of respiration?

1. Pulmonary ventilation

2. external respiration

3. transport O2 and CO2

4. Cardiovascular system

5. internal respiration

Pulmonary ventilation is also known as

Breathing

When we complete inspiration, what happens?

Air moves into the lungs from the atmosphere (breathing in)

Where does external respiration occur?

Lungs

What happens during external respiration?

O2 diffuses out from the lungs into the blood, CO2 diffuses into the lungs out of the blood

What happens during internal respiration?

O2 diffuses out of the blood tissue cells, CO2 diffuses into the blood from the tissue cells

Which system most directly helps the respiratory system to transport oxygen to our cells?

Cardiovascular system

Which order do the processes of respiration occur in?

Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of O2 and CO2, and internal respiration

Where does internal respiration occur?

At the tissue cells

Which body cavities is the diaphragm between?

Thoracic and abdominal

What vocabulary term matches this definition: the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of the resulting nutrients by cells?

Digestion

What moistens food particles, helps bind them, and begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates. This is a solvent, dissolving foods so that they can be tasted, as well as helping to cleanse the mouth and teeth.

Saliva

What structure connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus?

The pharynx

What structure is a passageway from the pharynx to the stomach?

The esophagus

The enzymes of pancreatic juice aid in the digestion of

proteins

The liver produces what to aid in digestion

bile

What structure stores bile between meals, transports water to concentrate bile, and contracts to release bile into the small intestine to aid in digestion?

gallbladder

What structure consists of the following three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?

Small intestine

Digestion of carbohydrates results in the absorption of

Monosaccharides

Digestion of fat results in the absorption of what and glycerol

Fatty acid

How many immature eggs do both ovaries hold together right after puberty?

400,000

What are two parts of the male reproductive tract that sperm does not enter, but play a vital role in the development of semen?

Seminal glands and prostate gland

Where do the testes develop in a male fetus?

Inside the abdomen

What type of tissue is the uterus made of?

Smooth muscle

What brings eggs from the ovary into the fallopian tube?

Cilia

What is the word for an immature egg?

Ovum

When does the male body start producing sperm?

Puberty

How long is an egg viable after ovulation?

12-24 hours

An embryo is from ____ until week ___; a fetus is from week ___ until ____.

Fertilization, 8, 9, birth

Which is the proper order of early embryonic phases?

Zygote-cleavage-morula-blastocyst-implantation