UMAK NC1 Funda Quiz - Nursing Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards based on the lecture notes to help review key nursing concepts and clinical decision-making.

What nursing error occurs when a nurse shares her own personal experiences with a terminally ill client, causing the client to cry and lose focus on their needs?

Shifting the focus to the nurse (breach of therapeutic use of self).

What type of incontinence involves leakage with coughing or sneezing in an elderly female?

Stress incontinence.

When a chronically alcoholic patient is 10 hours post-admission and restless, diaphoretic, hypertensive, and attempting to leave, what is the initial nursing intervention?

Place the client in a quiet environment and anticipate benzodiazepine administration.

What psychological factor is involved when a college student experiences headaches and stomach pain before exams due to parental pressure?

Stress and anxiety related to academic pressure.

If a post-op client becomes pale and dizzy upon standing (BP 80/50), what should you do first?

Assist the client back to bed and allow time before retrying ambulation.

A patient with hypertension is reviewed for dietary habits. which regular intake is typically a concern?

Regular intake of canned soup and processed meats (high-sodium foods).

A bedridden patient with a hip fracture complains of calf pain during foot dorsiflexion. What is suspected and what actions are needed?

Suspect DVT; place on bedrest and notify the physician immediately.

A stroke patient with a reddened sacrum that does not blanch requires what immediate action?

Reposition frequently and apply a protective barrier cream.

A patient who is a chronic alcoholic, 12 hours post-admission, is restless and hypertensive. What is the appropriate management?

Provide a quiet environment and anticipate benzodiazepine therapy.

A newly blind patient after surgery appears withdrawn and refuses self-care. What is the nursing approach?

Orient the patient to the environment and encourage independence in ADLs when possible.

A young adult on naloxone infusion has RR 8/min and SpO2 82%. What is the correct action?

Stop the infusion and administer supplemental oxygen while preparing resuscitation equipment.

Which set of nursing measures helps prevent complications of immobility on prolonged bedrest?

Reposition every 2 hours, maintain a high-protein diet, provide diversional activities, use elastic stockings, and encourage ROM exercises.

A patient on IV furosemide develops muscle cramps and ECG changes (flat T waves). What is the appropriate intervention?

Administer potassium supplementation as ordered.

A 70-year-old with severe hearing loss is being taught. What communication approach is recommended?

Face the client directly, speak slowly, and use a low tone.

A 32-year-old with chronic pain requests early analgesia and becomes angry when asked to wait. What is the appropriate professional approach?

Reflect on personal feelings to prevent interference with professional care.

For a bedridden spinal cord injury patient on long-term bedrest, what is the recommended ROM plan?

Active and passive range-of-motion exercises regularly.

A COPD patient is admitted with worsening dyspnea. What is the initial care plan?

Place in high Fowler’s position, provide oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula, encourage pursed-lip breathing, and offer small, frequent high-calorie meals.

A patient on IV fluids develops confusion, crackles, bounding pulse, and edema. What should you do first?

Stop the IV infusion immediately.

A stroke patient with dysphagia should be managed how during meals?

Position upright, place food on the strong side, and keep the patient seated for 30 minutes after meals.

A postoperative patient has not voided 8 hours after Foley removal. What should you do?

Assist the client to the bathroom and provide privacy.

During catheter insertion for a patient with BPH who encounters resistance, what should the nurse do?

Stop and attempt insertion with a smaller catheter gently.

A patient with a history of heroin use is on naloxone drip with RR 8 and SpO2 82%. What is the correct action?

Stop the infusion and provide supplemental oxygen while preparing for resuscitation.

A patient with bilateral hearing aids reports a loud whistling noise. What should the nurse do?

Reinsert the hearing aid properly and check for earwax obstruction.

A malnourished client started on IV glucose develops weakness, shallow breathing, and hypophosphatemia (phosphate 1.2 mg/dL). What is the likely diagnosis?

Refeeding syndrome causing hypophosphatemia.

An older adult (72) reflects positively on life; which psychosocial stage is described?

Ego integrity vs. despair.

Stroke patient on bedrest has a reddened sacrum that does not blanch. What is the intervention?

Reposition frequently and use protective barrier cream.

A 45-year-old man has difficulty falling asleep and drinks coffee late in the evening. What is the likely contributing factor?

Drinking coffee in the evening.

A patient with hyponatremia (Na 118 mEq/L) is lethargic and at risk of seizures. What is the indicated IV therapy?

Hypertonic saline 3% IV as prescribed.

A man with stage II colon cancer refuses chemotherapy. What is the best nursing approach?

Explore the client’s spiritual beliefs.

A confused patient with IV fluids attempts to climb out of bed. Which actions are appropriate to ensure safety?

Lower the bed, keep side rails up, place the call light within reach, and assess how these influence treatment decisions.

A 54-year-old with multiple modifiable risk factors (smoking, obesity, sedentary) is at risk for chronic illness because of what reason?

Multiple modifiable factors predispose to chronic illness.

In planning teaching for hypertensive patients, which dietary habits should be discouraged?

Salted snacks, processed meats, and daily canned soup.

An older adult on opioids has not had a bowel movement for 6 days and has liquid stool leakage. What is the likely issue?

Fecal impaction requiring further assessment and management.

A newly blind client feels useless. What is the appropriate nursing action?

Orient consistently and encourage independence in self-care.

A stroke patient with dysphagia on oral feeding should be kept in which position after meals?

Position upright and keep seated for 30 minutes after meals.

A nursing student presents insomnia, palpitations, and diarrhea during pre-NLE. What is the likely cause?

Stress-related symptoms due to academic pressure.

During severe diarrhea, which electrolyte abnormality is life-threatening and requires correction?

Hypokalemia (e.g., potassium 2.7 mEq/L) with muscle weakness.

A CKD patient’s meal includes a banana smoothie and peanut butter sandwich. What does this indicate about dietary teaching?

High-potassium foods; diet needs restriction for CKD.

What are the common hypocalcemia findings?

Numbness/tingling around mouth, muscle twitching/tetany, positive Trousseau’s sign.

Prior to starting bowel prep for a colonoscopy, what is the priority nursing action?

Assess the patient’s understanding of the procedure.

A patient with hypernatremia (Na 160) and dehydration receives an IV solution. Which one is appropriate?

0.45% Normal saline.

A post-op patient becomes restless, tachycardic, with SpO2 85%. What is the immediate nursing intervention?

Elevate head of bed and apply oxygen via face mask.

A hospitalized patient with COPD is bothered by lights and noise at night. What is the recommended environment change?

Reduce environmental noise and dim lights to promote rest.

Why should oxygen flow be limited for a patient with COPD on room air at 2 L/min O2 rather than increasing it?

High oxygen flow may suppress the hypoxic respiratory drive.

If a nurse forgets to chart a wound dressing change, what is the proper action?

Write a late entry noting the dressing change performed at 9 AM.

A patient with COPD is afraid of needles when diagnosed with diabetes. What is the best approach to build confidence?

Encourage the patient to practice with supervision to build confidence.

Unconscious patient with an endotracheal tube needs oral care. What positioning and technique should be used?

Place the patient on the side; use minimal water and suction secretions.

A severely malnourished alcoholic on IV glucose with phosphate 1.1 mg/dL has been diagnosed with what condition?

Refeeding syndrome with hypophosphatemia.

A 70-year-old client with hearing loss repeatedly answers inappropriately. What communication approach is recommended?

Face the client directly and speak slowly in a low-pitched tone.

A postoperative patient with severe pain (8/10) and shallow respirations (RR 10) after morphine—what is the appropriate action?

Withhold additional opioids and monitor respiratory status closely.

A nurse is reviewing a client's plan for asthma management. Which action is appropriate when an order includes 1 puff of albuterol and 1 puff of beclomethasone?

Administer albuterol first and wait about 5 minutes before giving beclomethasone.

Which laboratory finding best correlates with a typical COPD patient’s condition?

Elevated red blood cell count (polycythemia) due to chronic hypoxia.

A pneumonia patient with COPD is at risk when receiving high oxygen concentrations. What complication may arise?

Apnea or respiratory depression due to loss of hypoxic drive.

In anemia assessment, which nursing diagnosis is most common for patients with anemia?

Activity intolerance related to tissue hypoxia.

Which laboratory test is not typically related to iron deficiency anemia?

Prothrombin time (PT) is not typically used to assess iron deficiency anemia.

A strict vegetarian asks how to prevent megaloblastic anemia. What is the recommended intervention?

Supplement the diet with vitamin B12.

Parents of a child with sickle cell anemia are taught pain control measures. What is the most important to prevent vaso-occlusive crises?

Encourage drinking large amounts of fluids daily.