Neural Tube Formation and Disorders

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to the formation of the neural tube and associated disorders, including definitions of terms significant to neurodevelopment.

Neurulación

Process of neural induction to form the neural tube from the neural plate.

Crestas neurales

Structures that arise from the neural tube and give rise to various types of ganglia.

Prosencéfalo

The anterior part of the brain that further differentiates into the telencephalon and diencephalon.

Anencefalia

A congenital defect involving the failure of the anterior neural tube to close, leading to the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp.

Mielomeningocele

A defect in the neural tube that results in an incomplete closure of the posterior part of the tube, causing a protrusion containing spinal fluid and nerves.

Arnold-Chiari malformation

A condition where the cerebellum is positioned abnormally with respect to the foramen magnum, potentially obstructing cerebrospinal fluid flow.

Dandy-Walker malformation

A congenital brain malformation involving cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis.

Holoprosencefalia

A condition where the forebrain fails to divide into hemispheres, leading to facial deformities and other anomalies.

Células madre ependimarias

Stem cells in the neuroepithelium that differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes.

Plasticidad neuronal

The ability of neurons to modify their connections and behavior in response to new experiences.

Mielinización

The process of forming a myelin sheath around the axons of neurons to enhance the speed of signal transmission.