Chemical Synapse and CNS

What kind of reflex is a withdrawal reflex?

somatic (skeletal muscle), spinal

Is the withdrawal reflex monosynaptic or polysynaptic?

polysynaptic

Withdrawal reflex is inputted from…

nociceptors

What reflex is stimulated along with the withdrawal reflex

crossed-extensor relfex

visceral reflex arcs allow us to maintain

homeostasis

what are the two divisons of the autonomic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

what are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system

somatic and autonomic

sympathetic nervous system function

“fight or flight”

parasympathetic nervous system function

“rest or digest”

which neurotransmitters are associated with the sympathetic nervous system

epinephrine and norephinephrine no

which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system

acetylcholine

are autonomic pathways afferent or efferent?

efferent (going from the cns to the pns)

what is the first neuron in an autonomic pathway?

preganglionic neuron

what is the second neuron in an autonomic pathway?

postganglionic neuron

where do these neurons join

autonomic ganglion

ganglia

clusters of neuron cell bodies

ganglia is to nuclei as…

peripheral nervous system is to central nervous system

what does it mean when an organ is dually innervated

it could be under the control of boht the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

when acetylcholine binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptors, it results in

excitatory response, depolarization

when acetylcholine binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors, it results in

either excitatory or inhibatory response

preganglionic neurons release which neurotransmitter

acetylcholine

parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release which neurotransmitter?

acetylcholine

sympathetic postganglionic neurons release which neurotransmitter?

norepinephrine

preganglionic neurons are long in the parasympathetic nervous system. true or false?

true

pupillary dilation; pupillary constriction

sympathetic; parasympathetic