IB History – Rwanda Flashcards

Colonial power with ID cards

Belgium

1959 violence event

Hutu Revolution

Party under Habyarimana

National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND)

RPF aim

Return refugees, end one-party rule — Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)

1993 peace deal

Arusha Accords

RTLM role

Hate radio — Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM)

Extremist justification

Called Tutsi “inyenzi” (cockroaches)

Interahamwe

Hutu militia (MRND youth wing)

Trigger April 6, 1994

Plane with Habyarimana shot down

Genocide length

100 days

Other victims

Moderate Hutus

Sexual violence

Used to destroy Tutsi community

Massacre site

Nyarubuye church

Peacekeepers killed

10 Belgians (United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda — UNAMIR)

UNAMIR commander

Gen. Roméo Dallaire (Canada)

Why Hutus fled (1994)

Fear of RPF revenge

Largest refugee influx

Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo today)

Cholera spread

Overcrowded camps, poor sanitation

Politicized camps

Controlled by genocidaires

1995 massacre

Kibeho massacre

Overcrowded prisons (1998)

Mass genocide arrests

Gacaca courts purpose

Community trials for genocide

Gacaca key feature (2002)

Local confession-for-leniency

National body (1999)

National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC)

Kwibuka

Annual genocide remembrance

ICTR jurisdiction

Genocide crimes — International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

Jean Kambanda

First head of gov’t convicted of genocide

Media Trial precedent

Media liable for incitement

ICTR criticism

Slow, costly, distant

ICTR legacy

Global genocide law precedent