Chapter 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry

German journalist

________ and thinker Friedrich List (1789- 1846) was a strong proponent of government support for industrialization.

Great Britain

In ________, industrial development led to the creation of new social groups and intensified longstanding problems between capital and labor.

George Stephenson

________ acquired glory for his locomotive named Rocket, which sped down the track of the just completed Liverpool and Manchester Railway at a maximum speed of 24 miles per hour in 1829.

Unions

________ sought to control the number of skilled workers, to limit apprenticeship to members own children, and to bargain with owners over wages.

Agriculture

________ also played an important role in bringing about the Industrial Revolution in Britain.

Mechanical pumps

________, usually powered by animals walking in circles at the surface, had to be installed.

foreign trade

Throughout Europe the eighteenth century was an era of agricultural improvement, population increase, expanding ________, and growing cottage industry.

economic realm

In the ________, the seventeenth- century expansion of English woolen cloth exports throughout Europe brought commercial profits and high wages to the detriment of traditional producers in Flanders and Italy.

coal burning

The ________ steam engine of Watt and his followers was the Industrial Revolutions most fundamental advance in technology.

Individuals

________ experienced a growing sense of class- consciousness, or awareness of belonging to a distinct social and economic class whose interests might conflict with those of other classes.

London

In 1851 ________ hosted an industrial fair called the Great Exhibition in the newly built Crystal Palace.

Human beings

________ have long used their toolmaking abilities to construct machines that convert one form of energy into another for their own benefit.

coal industry

The ________ had long used plank roads and rails to move coal wagons.

William Wordsworth

________ (1770- 1850) lamented the destruction of the rural way of life and the pollution of the land and water.

William Blake

________ (1757- 1827) called the early factories "satanic mills "and protested against the hard life of the London poor.

Economist David Ricardo

________ (1772- 1823) spelled out the pessimistic implications of Malthuss thought.

steam engine

The ________ was quickly put to use in several industries in Britain.

steam locomotive

The first ________ was built by Richard Trevithick after much experimentation.

Hudson River

The Clermont began to travel the waters of the ________ in New York State in 1807, shortly followed by ships belonging to brewer John Molson on the St. Lawrence River.

Thomas Savery

________ in 1698 and Thomas Newcomen in 1705 invented the first primitive steam engines.

Watt

________ was employed at the time by the University of Glasgow as a skilled craftsman making scientific instruments.

textile industry

The creation of the worlds first machine- powered factories in the British cotton ________ in the 1770s and 1780s, which grew out of the puttingout system of cottage production, was a major historical development.

Great Britain

The capitalist attack on artisan guilds and work rules was bitterly resented by many craftworkers, who subsequently played an important part in ________ and in other countries in gradually building a modern labor movement.