Q4 | GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 (copy)

In sperm cells, it can be either X or Y, while in eggs, the sex chromosome is always ___.

X

How many chromosomes does a sperm or egg cell contain, given that both are haploid (n) cells?

23 Chromosomes

This is the specific physical location of a gene or other DNA sequence on a chromosome, like a genetic street address.

Gene Locus

This monk is referred to as "The father of genetics" for his discovery of hereditary units

Gregor Mendel

These are distinguishing characteristics inherited from parents, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length.

Traits

In Genetics, what do you call the mating of two organisms?

Cross

This is a diagram that shows the genetic relationships within a family over several generations. Its primary purpose is to trace the inheritance of traits or genetic conditions.

Pedigree Chart

Horizontal lines in a pedigree chart connecting individuals indicate what?

Couple or Partnership

These are pieces of DNA that provide instructions to a cell to produce specific proteins.

Genes

Genes can also exist in forms of ____?

Alleles

How many alleles do cells typically have for each gene?

2 alleles for each gene (one on each of the chromosome in a homolog)

Variations in alleles inherited from parents can lead to ____ in traits of their offsprings

Differences

Purebred pea plant with purple flowers and white flowers are crossed. Determine the percentage of probability of their offspring having white flowers, considering one parent is purebred for purple flowers and the other carries the heterozygous recessive allele.

0%

An individual that possesses two identical alleles for that trait is referred to as being___?

Homozygous

This law states that during gamete formation, the alleles for each gene separate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Law of Segregation

This law states that the inheritance of one trait is not influenced by the inheritance of another trait

Law of Independent Assortment

This law states that one factor in a pair of alleles may mask the expression of the other.

Law of Dominance

Two pea plants were both grown from green peas. When these plants are crossed, their offspring produce green, yellow, and white peas. What accounts for the differences between parents and offspring?

New combinations of alleles

In peas, the gene for green pod color (G) is dominant to the gene for yellow pod color (g). If a heterozygous plant (Gg) is crossed with another heterozygous plant (Gg), what genotype will likely be the most common among the offspring?

Gg

In a particular species of dogs, pointed ears (P) are dominant over curled ears (p) and black fur (B) is dominant over white (b) fur. What is the genotypic ratio of the resulting offsprings if Dog A (PpBB) and Dog B (ppbb) crossed together?

1 PpBb : 1 ppBb

In a particular species of dogs, pointed ears (P) are dominant over curled ears (p) and black fur (B) is dominant over white (b) fur. If Dog A (PpBB) and Dog B (ppbb) are crossed together, how many resulting offsprings would exhibit the phenotype curled ears, black fur?

2

This is a type of inheritance pattern where both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the heterozygous individual. Neither allele is dominant or recessive.

Codominance

What blood type in humans perfectly demonstrate a Codominant inheritance pattern?

Type AB

This is a type of inheritance pattern where the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.

Incomplete Dominance

The notations for alleles below show what inheritance pattern?
C^B C^B = Black Cat

C^T C^T = Tan Cat

Codominance

The inheritance of flower color in snapdragons, where red flowers crossed with white flowers produce pink flowers in the heterozygous offspring is an example of what inheritance pattern?

Incomplete Dominance

What are the four main blood types in the ABO blood group system?

A, B, AB, and O.

Which blood type is known as the universal donor?

Blood type O

Allele I^A I^B indicate what blood type?

Blood type AB

Alleles I^B I^B indicate what blood type?

Blood type B

Alleles I^B i indicate what blood type?

Blood type B

Blood type AB is known as the universal recipient. Given this, what blood types are specifically only accepted by blood type negative AB.

AB, A, B, O (ALL NEGATIVES)

Alleles I^A I^B indicate what inheritance pattern?

Codominance

Alleles i i indicate what blood type?

Blood Type O

What letter represents the allele for blood type O?

lower case letter i

What blood type can a person with type O blood safely receive in a transfusion?

Also only the O blood type.

Which term best describes genes carried only on the X-chromosome?

Sex-Linked

Why are carriers of Sex-linked recessive disorders more commonly females?

Because they have 2 X chromosomes

Why are males more likely to be color blind than females?

Because, color Blindness is a sex-linked trait. Males are more liklely to display sex-linked traits symptoms.

A yellow-eyed female (X^g X^g) is crossed with a Green-eyed male (X^G Y), what is the phenotype of the 2 male offsprings?

Yellow eyes

This sex-linked trait affects the shape of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body.

Sickle-Cell Anemia

This is a sex-linked disorder wherein the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to spontaneous bleeding as well as bleeding following injuries or surgery.

Hemophilia