PEC BOOK 3

"Applicant

Professional Electronics Engineer (PECE) who signed and sealed electronic plans and

specifications.

Professional Electronics Engineer (PECE) and/or Licensed Electronics Engineer (ECE) who

is in-charge of cable installation and electronic works,

Building Owner/Lot Owner

Building Official

"

The Electronics Permit shall include the following minimum information

"Location and Site Plans

Legend or Symbols

General Notes and/or Specifications

Floor plan Of Ileadend Facility

Cable TV Distribution Layout

One Line Diagram Of Headend System

One Line Diagram of Distribution System

Standard Title Block"

The content of the plan shall have the following information

Active Device

"A device that needs power to prcress signals. Examples include anvlifiers,

optical transmitters and optical receivers.

"

Amplifier

An active device that increases the strength of a signal by a predetermined

Analog Television

"The system of television transmission that has been practiced since the

medium was invented. Picture levels are represented by continuously varying voltage level.

"

ASI

"Asynchronous serial interface. A video interface for headend equipment that uses 75

Ohms coaxial cable.

"

Aural carrier

The part Of the television channel that carries the audio information.

Auxiliary Room

"It is the convergence point between the building's network backbone and

the work areas.

"

Baseband

"A signal not modulated onto an RF carrier. In video, refers to the visual signal as

it is handled before being modulated onto an RF carrier.

"

BER

"A measure of the proportion of the bits in a data stream which are

corrupted in transmission.

"

"BNC connector

Bayonet Neill-Concelman connector"

"It is a miniature quick

Connect/disconnect RF connector used for coaxial cable"

Broadband

"A high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range Of frequencies,

which enables a large number of messages to be communicated Simultaneously. The medium

can be coaxial cable, optical fiber, radio twisted pair.

"

Cable Internet

"It is a form Of broadband internet access that uses the cable television

infrastructure (IIFC, RFoG). Typically, it can deliver downstream data rates as high as 320

Mbps and upstream data rates up to 120 Mbps.

"

Cable Modem

"It is a customer premise equipment that is used to deliver broadband internet

access in the form of cable internet taking the advantage of the high bandwidth Of cable TV

infrastructure. I IFC and R FOG network.

"

Cable Television System

"It is a facility engaged in the transmission

delivery of video. audio. 'Eita and other value added services through fiber optics.

"

Cable TV Spectrum

The operating frequency range Of cable TV system. It ranges from 5 MHz up to 1002 MHz or higher.

Carrier or RF Carrier

"A signal on which another, lower frequency signal is modulated in

order to transport the lower-frequency signal to another location.

"

Carrier-to-Noise Ratio

A ratio of the power to the noise power in a given bandwidth, usually expressed in dB.

Cat5

"It is a category oftwisted pair copper cable that can handle

10 Mbps and 100 Mbps speeds (Fast Ethernet) at up to I OO Mllz bandwidth.

"

Cat5e

"It is a category Oftwisted pair copper cable that

Can handle 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet) at 100 MHz bandwidth.

"

Cat6

"It is a Category of twisted pair cable that can handle 10

Gigabit Ethernet at 250 MHz bandwidth.

"

C-Band

"High frequency band used in satellite applications for the transmission Of video and

audio signals. Downlink frequency is ranging from 3.4 GHz to 4.2 GHz for cable TV satellite

signal reception.

"

Coaxial Cable

"It is a of broadband cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a

tubular outer conductor. It has 75 ohms characteristic impedance and has a capacity of 5 to

1002 MI Iz frequency range.

"

Committee of Cable TV System

"A sub committee of Electronics Code of the Philippines that

formulate the code of Cable TV system in the Philippines.

"

Composite Second Order (CSO)

"A form of distortion generated by amplifiers and Other

devices handling multiple RF signals. It is a distortion that combines signals at

frequencies A and B. as A±B. Most .A•B products fall 1.25 MHz above picture carriers,

while the A-B products fall 1.25 Mllz below picture carriers in the standard channel

allcxation.

"

Composite Triple Beat (CTB)

"A form Of distortion generated by amplifiers Other devices

handling multiple RF signals. It is a third-order distortion product that combines signals A. B.

and C as A+B-C. Most CTB pr«lucts fall on the nominal frequency of carriers in the

standard channel allocation.

"

Conditional Access (CA)

"A generic term used to indicate that access to program or channel

is limited to subscribers who have paid additional amount for it.

"

Conduit

A pipe or tube used to protect coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and copper wire.

Cross Modulation (XMOD)

" A type or distortion in which the amplitude modulation of one

signal causes incidental amplitude modulation to another signal. XMOD is an odd-order

distortion.

"

CWDM — Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

" It is a method of combining multiple

signals on laser beams at various wavelengths for transmission along fiber optic cables. such

that the number of channels is fewer than in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

"

dB or Decibel

"A measure or the relative strength of two signals. Defined as 10 tirncs the

logarithm (to the base 10) of the ratio of the two power levels in any consistent units, such as

watts, or 20 times the logarithm Of the ratio Of the voltage or current levels.

"

Digital Television

"Television signals transmitted using digital techniques, in which video

levels are converted to digital states that approximate the analog level of the original signal. It

also implies compressing the signal to minimize the transmission bandwidth required.

"

Digital Video

"Representation of video signals in digital fortnat. It does not necessarily

imply a compressed video signal.

"

DOCSIS —Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification

" The formal name Of the cable

modem standard produced by a consortium led by Cable Labs.

"

Downstream

"Signal now from a headend towards subscribers. Also known as the forward

direction."

Drop

"The portion Of the distribution plant between the tap and the individual subscriber's

home. Also called service drop and it could be coaxial, Copper wire. or fiber cable.

"

DVB-C

Digital Video Broadcast for Cable Television System.

ELFEXT

"Equal level far end crosstalk An FF„XT measurement with attenuation

compensation.

"

End-Of-Line (EOL)

refers to the farthest point from the headend.

Error correction

"The technique of adding extra bits to a transmitted signal. with the extra

bits being used to detect and correct errors in the data transmission.

with

"

F connector

"It is a coaxial RF compression type connector with 75 ohms impedance

specification.

"

FDH

"It is an enclosure where the optical splitters coupled with

a(hpters are housed. It is usually called the local convergence point (LCP) that provides

optical connectivity between the feeder cable and distribution cable.

"

FEXT

"Interference between two pairs of a cable measured at the Other

end ofthe cable with respect to the interfering transmitter.

"

Frequency Response

"The gain as a function of frequency through a system or device

relative to the defined ideal. In the case of a cable distribution system, this also known as

peak-to-valley response or P/V.

"

FITC — Fiber to the curb

"A distribution architecture in which directly fiber-fed termination

units arc shared by several dwellings.

"

FTTF — Fiber to the feeder

"A distribution architecture in which fiber nodes feed coaxial

feeder lines without any intervening coaxial trunk lines.

"

FTTH— Fiber to the home

" A fiber network for delivering cable TV signals from the Headend

to individual buildings such as residences, apartment buildings and business establishments.

It is often called FTTP or Fiber to the premises.

"

Ground Block

" A passive device located at the subscribers premises that allows a safety

ground to be connected to the drop.

"

Hardline Cable

" A term applied to the solid-jacketed coaxial cable used in the coaxial

distribution portion Of a Cable system ahead Of the subscriber tap.

"

Hardline Connector

"It is a coaxial Connector used to connect, splice, and terminate hardline

cables to amplifiers, power supplies, and/or line passive devices Of a cable TV system. A

hardline connector has 75 ohms impedance specification.

"

HDMI — High Definition Multimedia Interface.

"It is an audio/video interface transferring

uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed audio data from an "

Headend

"A term used to define a cable system's signal processing center generally the main

core of a Cable TV system. It usually includes antennas (off-air and satellite), satellite

receivers, processors, demodulators, modulators, system converters, decoders, encoders,

optical transmitters, optieal receivers, de-multiplexers, multiplexers. cable modem

termination system. optical line terminals, local origination equipment, servers, routers,

switches, monitoring equipment and other related equipment.

"

HFC — Hybrid Fiber-Coax

" A network for transmitting signals modulated onto RF carriers

that includes a linearly amplitude modulated optical link followed by a coaxial distribution

"

Ingress

Unwanted signals that enters into a coaxial system through a defective loose

IPTV — Internet Protocol Television

"It is a system through which television services are

delivered using the Internet protocol suite over a packet-switched network such as

the Internet.

"

Isolation

The signal loss between nominally isolated ports of a coaxial optical device

Ku-Band

" High frequency band used in satellite applications for the transmission of video

am] audio signals. Downlink frequency is ranging from 11.7 GHz to 12.2 GHz for cable TV

satellite signal reception.

"

LAN — Local Area Network

"A limited distance network connecting a defined set of

terminals. Example Of LAN is a network of workstations within an office, office in a

building, or buildings within a campus.

"

MDU — Multiple Dwelling Units

"are commercial buildin5, office buildings. hotels.

motels, malls. hospitals, schools, airport building, seaport building. resorts. apartments,

townhouses, duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, or linked houses, as well as all row houses and

most especially tower blocks which can hold hundreds Of families in a single building.

"

MER — Modulation error rate

" It is a measure of the signal-to-noise ratio in a digitally

modulated signal. It is usually expressed in decibels (dB).

"

Mesh

"An architecture in which terminal points are connected to several Other terminal

points directly rather just to a central point (a star) or the adjacent terminals in a ring.

"

Modulation

"The process Of imposing information on an RF carrier by varying some

parameter Of the carrier. The parameters that can be varied are the amplitude. frequency. and

"

Multimode Fiber

An optical fiber that supports more than One transmission path.

NAP — Network Access Point

" Also called Multiport (MPT). It is designed to withstand the

rugged outside plant environment. It has uniquely hardened connectors that are factory-

terminated and environmentally sealed for use in optical drop cable deployments. It can be

installed in the pedestal for underground deployment) and/or on the pole for aerial

installation.

"

NEXT — Near end crosstalk

It is a measure ofthe ability of cabling to rej«t crosstalk.

NID— Network Interface Device

" One Of many names for a box on the side ofthe house that

contains any required interfaces between a telephone line or cable plant and inside wiring.

"

Node

"The equipment that receives the linearly modulated EDM spectrum. converts it back

to RI: it into or mote coaxial distribution legs.

"

Noise

" Generally defined undesired signalq in a transmission channel. It is also commonly

arrlied to broadband thermal noise excluding discrctc carriers and distortion products.

"

National Television System Committee

" An entity that developed the analog TV

system used in the Philippines and clscwhcrc.

"

OLT—Optical Line Terminal

" It is a device which serves as the service provider endpoint of a

passive optical network (PON).

"

ONT— Optical Network Terminal

". It is a device that transforms incoming optical signals into

electrical signals and vice versa at a customer's premise.

"

ONU- optical Network Unit

"It is a part of cable TV system that provides for the distribution Of television

"

Outside Plant -

"signals from the headend to the paying subscribers as well as value added services for two

way system. It consists of a network of fiber and or coaxial cables, optical transmitters,

optical receivers, multiplexers, de-multiplexers, optical line terminals, amplifiers, splitters,

couplers, power supplies, and other related equipment.

"

Passive Device

"A device that does not capable of amplification, oscillation and requires no

power for its intended function. Examples include splitters, directional couplers, power

inserters, attenuators and taps.

"

PECE

"an engineer

who is the sole authority to sign and seal electronics plans, drawings. permit applications,

specifications, reports, and other technical documents.

"

PON — passive Optical Network

"This is an optical network with no active components

between the cable TV' provider and customer. Examples include Ethernet PON (EPON) and

Gigabit PON (GPON). "

PCD — Premises Connection Device

" An access point that serves as a demarcation and test

point on the outside ofa customer's premises. It is a non-metallic wall mounted fiber box that

offers splicing, patching and storage for drop cables.

"

PSNEXT — Power sum near end crosstalk

". A NEXT measurement which includes the sum of

crosstalk contributions of all adjacent pairs.

"

QAM— Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

". A digital modulation method in which the value of

a symbol consisting of multiple bits is represented by amplitude and phase states of a carrier.

"

QPSK— Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

". A digital modulation method in which the state Of a

two-bit symbol is represented by one or four possible phase states.

"

RA 9292

"— An Act providing for a more responsive and comprehensive regulation for the

registration. licensing and practice of Professional Electronics Engineers, Electronics

Engineers and Electronics Technicians. repealing Republic Act No. 5734, otherwise known

as the ""Electronics and Communications Engineering Act of the Philippines"", and for other

"

RA 10515

" Anti-Cable Television and Cable Internet Tapping Act of2013.

Return loss — A measure ofthe amount of incident power that is reflected toward the opposite

end of a cable from a termination or Other discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the

cable.

"

RFoG—Radio frequency over glass

". It is a deep-fiber network design in which the coax

portion of the hybrid fiber coax (EIFC) network is replaced by a single-fiber passive optical

network (PON).

"

Ring Network

—An architecture in which terminal points are connected in a continuous ring.

ScTP— Screened twisted pair

"used in horizontal distribution system especially where

standards compliance for electromagnetic emission from the cable into the atmosphere is

strictly monitored.

"

Standard Definition Television,

SDTV

SDU — Single Dwelling Unit

"A one dwelling unit that is usually occupied by just one

household or family. It is a building that does not share an inside wall with any Other house or

dwelling.

"

Set Top Terminal

"Also known as a set-top converter or set-top box (ST B). A device used

with a subscriber's TV to allow reception Of television programs. It may tune channels the

TV does not tune and may include descrambling circuitry. It also may include a digital

decoder and auxiliary functions such as an electronic program guide (EPG).

"

Signal Leakage

"The undesired passage of signal over the surface Of a conductor through an

insulator that can interfere with any Of the over-the-air services and other navigational

communication services that happen to be using the Same frequencies as the cable operator

and that are within the vicinity of the cable system. Aside from this, signal that radiates Out Of

the system may be intercepted by the public.

"

Signal Level

" In analog television work, the RMS Of the picture carrier measured over

the occupied bandwidth of the Signal, during sync tips. In digital communications, as

practiced by the cable TV industry, it is the average level of the modulated signal.

"

Signal level Meter (SLM)

"— A tuneable power meter commonly used to measure RF signal

levels in cable TV network.

"

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

"— A ratio of the amplitude Of a desired signal to the amplitude Of noise,

usually expressed in dB.

"

Single Mode Fiber

— Optical fibers that support only a single transmission path.

Spectrum Analyzer

"— A piece of test equipment used to plot signal amplitude versus

frequency.

"

Star Network

"— An architecture in which each terminal is directly connected through separate

transmission paths to a cotnmon master terminal.

"

Structured Cabling System

"— It is a complete set of cabling and associated hardware which

provides a comprehensive broadband infrastructure. The structured cabling system begins at

the point where the service provider terminates.

"

Tap

" A device installed in the feeder or horizontal distribution system to divert a portion of

the cable signal to customer home.

"

TDR — Time Domain Reflectometer

". A device that measure the quality of a transmission line

by transmitting a pulse and then measuring signals reflected as a function of time.

"

Terminator

— A device installed at the end ofa coaxial system to prevent signal reflection.

TVRO—Television Receive-Only

. Reception Of satellite reception from satellites.