Elements, Compounds, and Molecules

Ionic Bonds

: When atoms are held together by the attraction between opposite charges.

Octet Rule

; The tendency of atoms to bond with other atoms to have 8 electrons in their.

Polarity

: A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed (partial positive and negative)

Universal Solvent

: Which is water, that is able to dissolve substances.

Adhesion

: An attraction between molecules of different substances.

Importance

: Allows the capillary action in plants and allows water striders to walk on water.

thin film of skin

A(n) "is formed at the surface because the water molecules cling to each other.

Molecule

: Two or more atoms of the same element bond together.

__High Specific Heat

: __The amount of energy needed to gain or lose to change 1g of a substance to 1 degree celsius.

Evaporation

: The faster the molecules are moving, the more likely they are able to change from a liquid to a gas.

Capillary Action

: When water rises in a narrow tube against the force of gravity.

Cohesion

: An attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Chlorine

has only 7 valence electrons, which is why it gains the electron from Sodium, causing it to be 1 negative charge.

important properties

Leads to two : surface tension and high specific heat.

Compound

: A substance made up of two or more different elements that have been chemically joined.

water molecules

It causes to bond with each other.

Covalent Bonds

: When two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Ans

: Water molecules have an uneven distribution of electrons, with the oxygen atom having a negative charge and the hydrogen atoms having a positive charge.

Element

: A pure substance that can not be broken down into other substances by chemical means.

Hydrogen Bonds

: Attraction between a hydrogen atom with a positive charge and negative charge.

force of gravity

Importance: The transport of water to plants by cohesion and adhesion allowing the water to travel from the roots all the way to the leaves, against the .

negative charge

Gaining electrons= .

Cation atoms

= Have more protons than electrons.

oxygen atom

Since the gains electrons, it has negative charge.

Water molecules

tend to expand to the maximum distance in their frozen state.

Importance

: This propertys temperature moderation allows living organisms and Earths climate to maintain a certain temperature, which helps life on Earth to survive.

oxygen atom

The attracts more electrons than the hydrogens single protons.

Water molecules

in ice are less dense than in its liquid state.

Element

 A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means

Molecule

 Two or more atoms of the same element bond together

Compound

 A substance made up of two or more different elements that have been chemically joined

Ex

CH4 (Carbon and 4 hydrogen atoms; since there are more than 2 atoms of the same element, its a molecule; but its also a compound because its composed of two different types of elements)

Covalent Bonds

 When two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Ionic Bonds

 When atoms are held together by the attraction between opposite charges

Explanation

Sodium has one valence electron, which is why it tends to give that up, causing it to gain 1 positive charge

Hydrogen Bonds

Attraction between a hydrogen atom with a positive charge and negative charge

Ex

water molecules are polar because oxygen has a negative charge and hydrogen has a positive charge

Polarity

A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed (partial positive and negative)

Ans

Water molecules have an uneven distribution of electrons, with the oxygen atom having a negative charge and the hydrogen atoms having a positive charge

Cohesion

An attraction between molecules of the same substance

Ex

water molecules

• leads to two important properties

surface tension and high specific heat

Surface Tension

 The attraction between water molecules at the surface of the liquid

Importance

Allows the capillary action in plants and allows water striders to walk on water

__High Specific Heat

 __The amount of energy needed to gain or lose to change 1g of a substance to 1 degree celsius

Evaporation

The faster the molecules are moving, the more likely they are able to change from a liquid to a gas

Importance

This propertys temperature moderation allows living organisms and Earths climate to maintain a certain temperature, which helps life on Earth to survive

Adhesion

An attraction between molecules of different substances

Ex

water molecules and glass molecules

• Capillary Action

When water rises in a narrow tube against the force of gravity

Importance

The transport of water to plants by cohesion and adhesion allowing the water to travel from the roots all the way to the leaves, against the force of gravity

Importance to life

During winter, frozen waters will have a thin layer of ice on the surface which will simply float on the water instead of sinking

4.Universal Solvent

Which is water, that is able to dissolve substances

Importance to life

Its important because many living organisms use this solvent for many of the processes that occur inside their bodies