Elements, Compounds, and Molecules

Ionic Bonds

Ionic Bonds

________: When atoms are held together by the attraction between opposite charges.

Octet Rule

________; The tendency of atoms to bond with other atoms to have 8 electrons in their.

Polarity

________: A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed (partial positive and negative)

Universal Solvent

________: Which is water, that is able to dissolve substances.

Adhesion

________: An attraction between molecules of different substances.

Importance

________: Allows the capillary action in plants and allows water striders to walk on water.

thin film of skin

A(n) ________ "is formed at the surface because the water molecules cling to each other.

Molecule

________: Two or more atoms of the same element bond together.

__High Specific Heat

________: __The amount of energy needed to gain or lose to change 1g of a substance to 1 degree celsius.

Evaporation

________: The faster the molecules are moving, the more likely they are able to change from a liquid to a gas.

Capillary Action

________: When water rises in a narrow tube against the force of gravity.

Cohesion

________: An attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Chlorine

________ has only 7 valence electrons, which is why it gains the electron from Sodium, causing it to be 1 negative charge.

important properties

Leads to two ________: surface tension and high specific heat.

Compound

________: A substance made up of two or more different elements that have been chemically joined.

water molecules

It causes ________ to bond with each other.

Covalent Bonds

________: When two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Ans

________: Water molecules have an uneven distribution of electrons, with the oxygen atom having a negative charge and the hydrogen atoms having a positive charge.

Element

________: A pure substance that can not be broken down into other substances by chemical means.

Hydrogen Bonds

________: Attraction between a hydrogen atom with a positive charge and negative charge.

force of gravity

Importance: The transport of water to plants by cohesion and adhesion allowing the water to travel from the roots all the way to the leaves, against the ________.

negative charge

Gaining electrons= ________.

Cation atoms

________= Have more protons than electrons.

oxygen atom

Since the ________ gains electrons, it has negative charge.

Water molecules

________ tend to expand to the maximum distance in their frozen state.

Importance

________: This propertys temperature moderation allows living organisms and Earths climate to maintain a certain temperature, which helps life on Earth to survive.

oxygen atom

The ________ attracts more electrons than the hydrogens single protons.

Water molecules

________ in ice are less dense than in its liquid state.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means

Molecule

Two or more atoms of the same element bond together

Compound

A substance made up of two or more different elements that have been chemically joined

Ex

CH4 (Carbon and 4 hydrogen atoms; since there are more than 2 atoms of the same element, its a molecule; but its also a compound because its composed of two different types of elements)

Covalent Bonds

When two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Ionic Bonds

When atoms are held together by the attraction between opposite charges

Explanation

Sodium has one valence electron, which is why it tends to give that up, causing it to gain 1 positive charge

Hydrogen Bonds

Attraction between a hydrogen atom with a positive charge and negative charge

Ex

water molecules are polar because oxygen has a negative charge and hydrogen has a positive charge

Polarity

A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed (partial positive and negative)

Ans

Water molecules have an uneven distribution of electrons, with the oxygen atom having a negative charge and the hydrogen atoms having a positive charge

Cohesion

An attraction between molecules of the same substance

Ex

water molecules

• leads to two important properties

surface tension and high specific heat

Surface Tension

The attraction between water molecules at the surface of the liquid

Importance

Allows the capillary action in plants and allows water striders to walk on water

__High Specific Heat

__The amount of energy needed to gain or lose to change 1g of a substance to 1 degree celsius

Evaporation

The faster the molecules are moving, the more likely they are able to change from a liquid to a gas

Importance

This propertys temperature moderation allows living organisms and Earths climate to maintain a certain temperature, which helps life on Earth to survive

Adhesion

An attraction between molecules of different substances

Ex

water molecules and glass molecules

• Capillary Action

When water rises in a narrow tube against the force of gravity

Importance

The transport of water to plants by cohesion and adhesion allowing the water to travel from the roots all the way to the leaves, against the force of gravity

Importance to life

During winter, frozen waters will have a thin layer of ice on the surface which will simply float on the water instead of sinking

4.Universal Solvent

Which is water, that is able to dissolve substances

Importance to life

Its important because many living organisms use this solvent for many of the processes that occur inside their bodies