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nature
refers to the contribution of genetics to one's development
genes
basic building block of the nature perspective
genes
specific sequence of nucleotides and are recipes for making proteins
protein
responsible for influencing the structure and functions of cells
genes
located on the chromosome
20,500
no. of estimated genes for humans
46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
no. of chromosomes that normal human cells contain in the nucleus of cells
one from each parent
there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, from who?
mitosis
process that takes place after conception, which is where most cells of the body are created
mitosis
cell's nucleus making an exact copy of all the chromosomes and splitting into 2 new cells
gametes
cells used in sexual reproduction
ova / sperm
gametes < (2/)
meiosis
gametes are formed in this process
gametes
are formed in the process of meiosis
meiosis
gamete's chromosomes duplicate, and then divide twice resulting in 4 cells containing only half the genetic material of the original gamete
meiosis
results in a cell that has 46 chromosomes from 23 in sperm and 23 in egg
genes
basic physical functional unit of heredity
autosomes
22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes
autosomes
chromosomes that are similar in length
sex chromosomes
chromosomes that differ in length
sex chromosomes
1 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes
genotype
refers to the sum total of all the genes a person inherits
phenotype
features from genes/chromosome that are actually expressed
homozygous
receiving the same version of a gene from BOTH mother and father
heterozygous
receiving different version of a gene from BOTH mother and father
homozygous
it is sure that the phenotype is that characteristic
heterozygous
not all genes are created equal, so there may be times one is expressed while the other characteristic isn't
dominant / recessive
heterozygous: inequality in genes < (2/)
dominant
heterozygous:
express themselves in the phenotype even when paired with a different version of the gene
recessive
heterozygous:
express themselves only when paired with a similar version gene
alleles
different versions of a gene
polygenic
characteristics that are a result of several genes
incomplete dominance
when the dominant gene doesn't completely suppress the recessive gene
carriers
people who have inherited only one recessive-gene
carriers
these people SHOULD be unaffected by the recessive trait they inherited
monozygotic
this occurs when a fertilized egg splits apart in the first 2 weeks of development
dizygotic
this occurs when 2 eggs/ova are released and fertilized by 2 separate sperms
identical twins
monozygotic AKA
fraternal twins
dizygotic AKA
monozygotic
creation of 2 separate, but genetically identical offspring
monozygotic
twins that possess the same genotype, and often the same phenotype
dizygotic
twins that share the same amount of genetic material as would any 2 children form the same mother and father
dizygotic
twins that possess different genotype and phenotype
