DNA STRUCTURE & REPLICATION

DNA is made of repeating units called:

Nucleotides

DNA has the shape of a:

Double helix

Which bases pair together in DNA?

A–T and C–G

DNA strands are described as “antiparallel” because:

They run in opposite 5’ → 3’ directions

Which correctly describes the orientation of DNA strands?

One strand runs 5’→3’, the other 3’→5’

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

Nucleoid region

Small circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes are called:

Plasmids

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

What are histones?

Proteins that package and organize DNA

Chromatin is:

DNA + histone proteins

Complementary base pairing means:

Specific bases always pair with specific partners

Which statement best describes DNA replication?

DNA copies itself before cell division

DNA replication is called “semi-conservative” because:

Each new molecule has one old and one new strand

During DNA replication, the first step is:

DNA unwinds and strands separate

After replication is complete, the result is:

Two identical DNA molecules

What holds the complementary base pairs together?

Hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is not found in eukaryotic DNA storage?

Plasmids

Why is complementary base pairing important?

Ensures DNA replication is accurate

Which molecule contains genetic instructions for the cell?

DNA

What is the overall purpose of DNA replication?

To ensure each new cell gets a complete set of DNA