Đáp án Andrew Carnegie, Translating, The mystery of Easter Island

found employment in the same workplace as his ……….

father

educated himself through books, theatrical performances and ……….

music

became ………. to Thomas A Scott at Pennsylvania Railroad

secretary

realised that changing engineering needs would require a greater demand for ……….

steel

managed a rail manufacturing business by reducing ……….

prices

reinvesting profit and sometimes borrowing money from ……….

banks

Carnegie’s responsibilities: arranging future ………. and innovations for factories

projects

Carnegie believed that the USA offered more opportunities than European countries did. (TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN)

TRUE

A smaller workforce was required at the Homestead factory after Carnegie took control. (TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN)

TRUE

Carnegie prevented his workers from joining unions. (TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN)

FALSE

Carnegie blamed Frick for the violent workers' strike in 1892. (TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN)

NOT GIVEN

In the 1890s, Carnegie negotiated with his competitors. (TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN)

FALSE

Carnegie's provision of funds for libraries was limited to those in the United States. (TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN)

FALSE

the effect that a client's requirements have on the nature of a translation.

E. The success of translation depends on the purpose for which it was made, which in turn reflects the needs of the people for whom it was made.

H. Some countries view translation as a menial, clerical task, and pay their translators accordingly, while others regard it as a major intellectual discipline in its own right.

E

contrasting attitudes towards translators.

E. The success of translation depends on the purpose for which it was made, which in turn reflects the needs of the people for whom it was made.

H. Some countries view translation as a menial, clerical task, and pay their translators accordingly, while others regard it as a major intellectual discipline in its own right.

H

Translation is an attempt to create a text in the target language which displays .......... with a source text.

semantic equivalence

Translations are best judged according to their ...........

purpose

The translator of a business letter or scientific text does not need to consider its .......... aspects.

stylistic

Someone dubbing a film may give a relatively low value to ...........

content

focuses on reproducing the content accurately.

pragmatic

looks at important cultural aspects of language use.

ethnographic

follows the original grammatical structures as required by the target language.

literal

focuses on meaning without necessarily using the original grammatical structures.

free

Which THREE of the following points are mentioned by the writer of the passage?

A. The objectives of translating are always clearly different from those of interpreting.

B. A translator may need to consider the culture of the target language.

C. Translation is an activity which requires professional training.

D. It is difficult to specify what constitutes a very good translation.

E. The skill required for translation is increasingly gaining recognition.

F. A translation should give the impression of being an original work.

B,D,F

There was no .......... around, which would have helped with their construction.

wood

Another mystery was the poor quality of the local inhabitants' ...........

boats

Roggeveen observed that the people were living in ...........

poverty

There was no evidence of successful .......... on the island.

agriculture

Erich von Däniken's claims were briefly accepted by some sections of society. (YES / NO / NOT GIVEN)

NO

Archaeologists removed valuable artefacts from the island. (YES / NO / NOT GIVEN)

NOT GIVEN

Smallpox continued to affect Easter Island's inhabitants for centuries. (YES / NO / NOT GIVEN)

NOT GIVEN

It remains open to question whether Easter Island was once covered in forest. (YES / NO / NOT GIVEN)

NO

The way that rats arrived on Easter Island is still to be established. (YES / NO / NOT GIVEN)

YES

36. What does Jared Diamond blame for the lack of vegetation on Easter Island?

A. The construction of stone statues

B. Climate change over a long period

C. A method of transportation

D. The arrival of Europeans

C

37. What do Hunt and Lipo suggest about the population of Easter Island?
A. It collapsed before European contact
B. The first settlers arrived much later than is widely accepted
C. It never exceeded a few thousand inhabitants
D. It declined mainly because of disease

B

38. What is suggested about rats on Easter Island in the fifth paragraph?
A. They were a likely cause of deforestation
B. They arrived after the forests had disappeared
C. They had no effect on plant regeneration
D. They were introduced by Europeans

A

39. Flenley responds to Hunt and Lipo’s theory by
A. dismissing it
B. partially supporting it
C. expanding on their arguments
D. avoiding direct criticism

A

40. The writer’s purpose in this article is to
A. argue in favour of Diamond’s interpretation
B. provide an overview of a series of arguments
C. prove that rats were the main cause of deforestation
D. criticise modern archaeological methods

B