Ancient Greece

aka Western History Unit 2

Basileus & Desmos

A big ethnic group of people

Council & Assembly

Citizens in Archaic Greece coming together to make ideas and vote for them

Oikos & Kyrios

Oikos is the basic unit of household in ancient Greece. The Kyrios served as the male head responsible for the family's welfare and decisions.

Archaic Age (776-500)

The period in Ancient Greece that skyrocketed art, culture, and democracy.

8^th Century Renaissance

The end of Greece’s dark ages

Polis (25-150 mi²)

A city state in Ancient Greece.

Greek Colonization

Not an extension of a city, was a whole new city; formed for trade

Archaic Aristocracy

The best people should be in charge

Thetes

The top social class

Arete

Quality-higher Arete = Higher person

Panhellenism

All Greeks are one, despite their differences

Barbarians

Non-Greeks

Delphic Oracle

Delphine the Oracle; Direct communication with apollo

Pederasty

Older adult man with a younger man

Hetarirai

a freer Geshia

Lyric Poetry

Most popular poetry, jesters privlage

Sappho of Lesbos

Only famous women poet

Pre-Socratic Philosophy

Geometry and music, as well as “you cannot step in the same river twice”

Archaic Middle Class

Working class

Hoplite Phalanx

Military formation

Tyrants

Aristocrats playing populist politics, them- their kids- killed now someone new

Oligarchy & Democracy

Power of the wealthy vs Power to the people

Sparta & Laconia

A military town and the region its in

1st Messenian War

Spartans’ vs Messenians’; Sparta wins

Helots

Sparta’s new name for the enslaved Messenians

The Agoge

Every 7 year old boy goes to train for years with the military

Spartan Women

Married at 20, some work, some stay home

Spartan Oligarchy

Power was in the hands of the few

Ephors

1 of 5 senior spartan magistrates

Spartan Mirage

how Sparta is misconsepted in history

Peloponnesian Leauge

A military alliance of acient Greek city states

Athens & Attica

Cultural and political centers

Draco

wrote the 1st written code for Athens

Solon

Layed the foundation of democracy

Pisistratid tyranny

The first real Tyrent

Cleisthenes

Father of Athenian Democracy

Athenian Democracy

free adult males participated directly in decision making and governance

Archons & Strategoi

Archons were the highest admirative officials in Athens. Strategoi were military commanders

Otracism

Political procedure allowing citizens to exile anyone deemed a threat

Classical age

Artistic flushing in cities like Athens and Sparta, Persian wars and Peloponnesian War

Darius 1

A powerful Achaemenid Persian king, attempts to conquer Greece, leaded the 1st Persian Invasion

Ionian Revolt

Major revolt of Greek city-states in Ionia against Persan Rule

1st Persian War

Darius 1s expedition against Athans for their support in the Ionian Revolt

Battle of Marathaon

Pivotal battle in 1st Persian war, Athenian Army defeated the Larger Persian Army

Themistocles

Masterminded the Greek Victory at the Battle of Salamis

Thireme

A type of ancient Greek warship, pointed front

Xerxes

King of Persia after Darius 1st, led the 2ed Persian War

2ed Persian war

The 2ed Persian War for the Invasion of Greece

Battle of Thermopylae

A small group of Greek hoplites defended a narrow costal pass against the massive Persian army

Battle of Salamis

A navel battle where the Greeks won

Delian League

A alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens, intended to go against the Persians, but became a empire of its own

Peace of Callias

A treaty signed between the Delian League and the Achaemenid

Pericles

Influential Athenian statesmen, a General

Aspasia

Influential and intelligent Athen women

Long Walls of Athens

walls built to connect Athens with its port at Piraeus

Athenian Slavery

20% of the population

Metics

Foreign residents in Athens that had rights but lacked citizenship

Athenian Marriage

Marriage in Athens, women had no rights and married young

Peloponnesian War

War between Athens and Sparta

Greek Theater

Tragedy and comedy on political situations

Lysistrata

Play around women who have a sex strike until the war is over

Trojan Women

depicts the suffering the women of Troy after their cities fell

Sicilian Expedition

Athens went to concur Sicily in the middle of the war, they failed

Alcibiades

Shifted his alliance between Athens and Sparta

Spartan Hegemony

Period where Sparta was the dominant power

30 Tyrents

the 30 tyrants in charge of Athen while it recovers

Sophists

A group of itinerant teachers and philosophers in 5th century BC

Socrates

An philosopher known for the socratic method

Plato

Known for his dialoges and theorys of Forms

Aristotle

has vast writings that covered logic, metaphisics, ethics, and politics

Corinthian War

Sparta vs Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and Argos

The Kings Peace

a peace treaty ending the Corinthian War