Unit 3 Chemistry Vocab

Alkali metals

Group 1 of periodic table: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Alkaline earth metals

2nd group on the periodic table: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Transition metals

d sublevel

Groups 3-12

Halogens

17th group on the periodic table: F, Cl, Br, I, At

Noble gasses

18th group on the periodic table: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Ion

Positively or negatively charged atom/molecule (Charged)

Cation

A positively charged ion

Anion

A negatively charged ion

Metal

• Tend to become cations

• Good conductors of heat and electricity

• Malleable, luster, ductile

• Mostly solids at room temp (except mercury)

Nonmetal

• Tend to become anions

• Poor conductor of heat and electricity

• Majority are gases

• Brittle and dull appearance as a sold

Inner Transition Metals

The f sublevel (Lanthanide and actinide series)

Coulomb’s law

Equation of the electric force (Attraction/repulsion) between two charged particles

F = q1q2/d²

Effective nuclear charge

The net positive charge a valence electrons feels from the nucleus

Z-S=Zeff

Ionization energy

Energy required to remove an electron (valence) from an atom

Electron affinity

• Opposite of ionization energy

• Amount of energy released when an extra election is added to an atom

Electronegativity

Ability of an atom to attract the electrons when the atom is part of a compound

Atomic radius 

• Radius/size of the atom

• Found by putting two same atoms side by side, getting the distance between the nuclei, and dividing by 2

Ion radius 

• Size of an ion

• Atom measured in a crystal lattice

• Removed electrons = Smaller than parent atom

• Added electrons = Bigger than parent atom

Isoelectronic

Two atoms with equal charge (Same number of electrons)

Oxidation State

• The ion an atom is turned into in order to fulfill octet rule

• Shows how many electrons gained or lost

Metalloid

• Has properties of both metals and nonmetals

• Elements: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

Rare earth metals

• Include Lanthanide series and yttrium and scandium

• Soft, metals with similar chemical properties