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Biological Diversity
The number and variety of organisms in an area, characterized by differences in traits.
Biological Species Concept
A definition of species as a group of organisms that can mate and produce viable offspring.
Reproductive Isolation
Mechanisms that prevent members of different species from interbreeding.
Asexual Reproduction
A mode of reproduction where organisms do not mate, exemplified by bacteria.
Phylogenetic Species Concept
Classification of organisms based on their evolutionary history.
Morphological Species Concept
Classification based on similar physical characteristics among organisms.
Niche
The role or function of an organism within its environment, with narrow and broad niches indicating specialization.
Speciation
The process by which new species are created.
Structural Adaptation
Inherited physical characteristics that enhance survival.
Behavioral Adaptation
Inherited behaviors that improve an organism's chances of survival.
Diversity Index
A measure of biological diversity in a given area.
Generalist
An organism with broad requirements and adaptations for survival in various conditions.
Galapagos Finches
A group of small birds with 13 species found on the Galapagos Islands.
Taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms into categories.
Binomial Nomenclature
A system for naming species using the genus and species names, developed by Carl Linnaeus.
Classification Categories
The eight levels of biological classification:domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Prokaryotes
Organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus, possessing DNA.
Eukaryotes
Organisms with membrane-bound nuclei and DNA.
Dichotomous Keys
Tools used to identify organisms through a series of branching choices.
Symbiotic Relationships
Interactions between species, including mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism.
Binary Fission
A form of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells.
Budding
A form of asexual reproduction where an offspring grows off the parent organism.
Conjugation
The transfer of genetic material between two bacteria of the same species.
Gamete
Reproductive cells that contain half the number of chromosomes.
Spores
Reproductive units in non-seed plants, often found in mushrooms.
Pollen Tubes
Structures that transport male gametes to fertilize ovules in plants.
Cotyledon
The seed leaf that nourishes the plant embryo.
Embryo
An early developmental stage of a multicellular organism.
Self-Pollination
The process where pollen fertilizes ovules within the same flower.
Zoospore
A swimming spore that uses flagella for movement.
Zygospore
A single-celled reproductive structure formed during sexual reproduction.
Pistil
The female reproductive part of a flower that produces seeds.
Vegetative Growth
A method of asexual reproduction where an offspring develops roots and can be planted.
DNA
A molecule that stores genetic information.
Genes
Sections of DNA that code for specific traits.
Interphase
The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and DNA is replicated.
Traits
Specific characteristics of an organism.
Genetic Engineering
The artificial manipulation of genes.
Chromosomes
Long strands of DNA located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Dominant Trait
An inherited trait that is expressed if present.
Recessive Trait
An inherited trait that is expressed only when both alleles are recessive.
Meristem
A region of undifferentiated cells capable of division.
Mutation
A change in the genetic information of an organism.
Meiosis
A type of cell division that produces gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Mitosis
A type of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells.
Continuous Variation
A genetic trait that exhibits a range of possibilities.
Discrete Variation
An inherited trait with a limited number of variations.
Heritable
A characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring.
Artificial Selection
The process by which humans select organisms for reproduction.
Natural Selection
The process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time.
Biotechnology
The use of living organisms to create products.
Transgenic
An organism that contains DNA from another species.
Cloning
The process of creating a genetically identical organism.
Species at Risk
Categories of species facing threats to their survival.
Habitat Loss
The destruction of natural environments due to human activities.
Invasive Species
Non-native species that thrive in new environments and disrupt local ecosystems
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