Anatomy and Physiology Lab

Superior

above, towards head

Inferior

below, towards feet

Anterior

the front of something

Posterior

the back of something

Medial

towards the middle

Lateral

towards the side

Proximal

close to point of attachment or reference point

Distal

far from point of attachment or reference point

Superficial

external; on the outside

Deep

internal; inside

Cervical

neck

Thoracic

chest

Lumbar

back

Sacral

sacrum; below lumbar at midline

Axilla

armpit

Inguinal

groin

Bilateral Extremity

brachial, antebrachial, palmer, femoral, crural, plantar

Brachial

arm

Antebrachial

forearm

Palmar

palm

Femoral

thigh; femer

Crural

leg, shin

Plantar

sole of foot

Abdominal Regions

Epigastric, Hypochondriac (2), Umbilical, Lumbar (2), Hypogastric (2), Inguinal (2)

Epigastric Region

above stomach; top middle

Hypochondriac Region

below the ribs; top right and left

Umbilical Region

belly button; middle

Lumbar Region

back region; bottom left and right

Hypogastric Region

pubic region; bottom middle

Inguinal Region

groin region; bottom left and right

Sagittal Plane

divides sides; left and right

Midsagittal Plane

at midline

Parasagittal Plane

next to; parallel

Frontal

aka coronal; anterior and posterior pieces

Transverse

aka horizontal; cross section, superior and inferior pieces

Posterior Cavity

aka dorsal; contains cranial(brain) and vertebral canal (spinal cord)

Cranial Cavity

contains brain

Vertebral canal

contains spinal cord

Anterior Cavity

aka ventral; contains thoracic(chest) and abdominopelvic cavities

Thoracic cavity

aka chest; contain pleura, mediastinum

Pleural

lungs

Mediastinum

contains pericardium; media=medial=middle, contains esophagus, trachea, thymus gland

Pericardium

fluid filled sac surrounding the heart

Abdominopelvic Cavity

contains abdominal, pelvic, and peritoneal cavities

Abdominal

belly

Pelvic

reproductive organs

Peritoneal

surrounds organs

Serous membranes

fluid found between organs

Visceral

covering; attached to organs

Parietal

lining; lines cavities

Visceral pericardium

covers heart

Parietal pericardium

lines heart

Visceral pleura

covers lungs

Parietal pleura

lines lungs

Visceral peritoneum

covers abdominopelvic

Parietal peritoneum

lines abdominopelvic

Mesenteries

around folds of small intestine

Compact Bone

middle bone

Cancellous bone

spongy ends of bone that absorbs shock

Proximal epiphysis

proximal end of bone

Distal epiphysis

distal end of bone

Diaphysis

shaft of bone

Epiphyseal line

line that indicates bone is done growing

medullary cavity

hollow central space in shaft of bone

nutrient foramen

hole for blood supply

periosteum

membrane around the bone

edosteum

membrane inside bone

long bone

bone that is longer than it is wide

flat bone

thin bone

irregular bone

irregularly shaped bone; ex:vertebra

short bone

bone as wide as it is long

sesamoid bone

shaped like a sesame seed; ex:patella

Axial skeleton

trunk of body

appendicular skeleton

upper and lower limbs

Skull

head bones

frontal bone

seen from anterior view, bone at front of skull

parietal bone

on either side of skull

occipital bone

on bottom of skull

temporal bone

on either side where temples lie

sutures

brings skull bones together

sagittal suture

down middle separating parietal bones

coronal suture

separates frontal from parietal

lamdoid suture

separates parietal from occipital

squamous suture

separate parietal and temporal done