week 4. self presentation

social psychology

reflected appraisals

no sense of self until we take in account others perspectives of us

what is the correlation between self views and others views of self

small, not zero, there is some overlap

what is the correlation between how we see our self and how we think that others see us

very highly

how do we account for this inconsistency?

• overestimate the attention we attract (spotlight effect)

• we distort feedback we receive from others (rose tinted glasses)

• others don’t always tell us what they really think of us (MUM effect)

what is unrequited love

love that is not openly reciprocated or understood as such by the beloved

what is self presentation

• attempts to convey information about or images of oneself to others

• act of regulating ones identity for real or imagined audience

why do people self regulate?

• to gain rewards

• to claim an identity

what was Schlender’s study (1975). how favourable an image to convey

• some people receive negative or neutral feedback

• either perform privately or publicly

• if given negative feedback big chance u will perform badly

when do u boast or when are u modest?

if u perform privately u can make a bold boastful claim

in public, since you’ve been told ur bad, u might be more motivated cuz of that

what if you can’t boast?

compensated in other dimensions, great at other things

theres a trade off between?

favourability and plausibility

sometimes those are in conflict

who we present to friends vs. strangers

strangers know nothing about you

• necessary to convey positive to make a good impression (first )

• don’t have a basis for disputing your self presentation

friend know you

• no need to make such A POSITIVE impression

• can dispute about it, call u out

does the positivity vs. negativity of the other person influence participants behaviour?

when someones mood is down, u also tone down your own to their level ish

do participants perceive that their behaviour changed?

u don’t recognize that u are adjusting to the situation

self presentation persona (Leary & Allen)

• rate how u want to be seen by 8 people (relationship)

• people have 3-4 personas

• u can present yourself differently dependent on the person but it still is authentic

how people rate themselves and how people see me

high correlation, there is this overlap between we see ourselves and how we would like to be with that person

how situations contain how we will act (explain)

certain protocol of appropriate behaviour like in a funeral

women and the sexual double standard

if girl had condom she was rated more smart but less nice

if she didn’t have condom she was rated as less smart but nice goes up

harmful effect of self presentation

• skin cancer

• risky sexual behaviour

• eating behaviour

• substance abuse

• steroid use

• accidents from not wearing safety equipment

do we want others to see us as positively as possible or do we want others to see us as we truly are?

this is the concept of self verification

if others view me differently than I view myself then…

can trigger performance anxiety

if they think I can do smt that I can’t I will be anxious about that task

self verification

we want to be with people who verify who we really are

self enhancement

we want to be with people who see us nicely, who makes us feel good about ourself

low self-esteem people…

still has positive self-views because the feedback they got from people could’ve been self enhancing or self-verification because most people have positive self views

if u have really low self esteem

u were more likely to choose an interaction partner who saw u in an unfavourable way because they think they might know them more about themselves

what is cognitive confirmation

when the perceiver construes or interprets the targets behaviour as consistent with the perceiver’s expectancy

do non verbal behaviour trigger self fulfilling prophecies? expectancy confirmation)

• immediacy - are u close to the person, eye contact, lean in or out

• the less immediate u are in your non verbal behaviour (way we act toward people who have stigmas)

teacher expectancy effects

“the impact that a teacher's expectations about a student's performance may have on the student's actual achievements”

student expectancy effects

student expectation of teacher can enhance the students performance

cognitive confirmation about test and neighbourhood

if u see a child from a high neiborhood u actually see the child doing better in the test

if the interviewer is being distant

then it might print the interviewee to also distance themselves

what does the perceiver effect say about non verbal behaviour that trigger self fulfilling prophecies

perceiver does not recognize the initiated cycle of less favorable non verbal behaviour

hoe can perceivers expectancy be confirmed in cooper’s study?

if white applicants are being intervewed the same way black applicants were, then they will also do poorly on the interview

self presentation creating self fulfilling prophecies in women

when they anticipated being interviewed by desirable but traditional, they presented themselves in a way of what his expectations might be

• more makeup, more jewelry, less good performance on task

u present what u think the other person wants from u

double standards in self presentation in women

• task oriented persuasion works better for men than for women

• women need to be liked more to persuade others

women influencing others

• with men more successful when tentative

• with women more successful when assertive

when theres a difficultly in pursuing a goal then..

we will compensate in other ways to complete or restore identity

what is the symbolic self completion (gollwitzer & wicklund)

• people have goals in the striving to express an identity

  • name, phd

    • assistant professor were significantly more , phd because they needed those symbols because they were unsure or insecure about that identity (new as doctor)

    • full professor were less likely

study 1 (women professional ) don’t fit

if told a female that they were not meant to be professionals they will be determined to success in this task (brainstorming task)

study 2 (men with current and future goals). don’t fit

guys who’s egos are intact, they don’t need to reaffirm their ideals

guys who don’t fit ideal, they can’t have their egos restore and the girl (girl or ego)

what is global accuracy

am I trying to know u in general

what is circumscribed accuracy

how are u in particular situation (how u are with me)

what are some factors that influence who wins out

the certainty of the perceivers expectancy or the targets self conception

if perceiver is very confident about their expectation of u, they will keep that expectation, hard to overturn

but if u have a very clear and strong sense of yourself, and the perceivers expectancy is kinda tentative, u might have more of a change of winning out

perceivers can also be the targets

remember more when we form an impression of them more than if we memorize them

anticipate I date= even moree

anticipate 3 dates= goes down because u giving attention to not only the person but also to yourself

spotlight effect

we overestimate the attention we draw on each other