AP Spanish Literature Exam Review

"De lo que acontecío a un mancebo que se casó con una mujer muy fuerte y muy brava."

It is a medieval text in Spain and it is a collection of stories. After a man and a woman get married, the man feels like he has all of the power and feels like the wife cannot serve him just like the animals cannot serve him. He treats the position of the woman as if she was one of the animals as well. She has a reputation of not listening to her husband either. The story is very chauvinistic and it shows the TRADITIONAL gender roles at the time. One of the major themes to take away from this story is that if you cannot show what you want or who you are at the beginning, then you will never be able to show that feeling later in the long run. The story is in a modern perspective.

"Hombres Necios que acusaís"

This work is a satire that takes place and written around the time period of New Spain. This was a very pro-feminist period in a very modern perspective. It says hows stupid men accuse women for things that they didn't do or that are not true. It is an argument sticking up for women and is against men, ALL men. Also gives some of the types of women and how men perceive them such as prostitutes versus angels of the house. Brings up the argument of which is worse... A women who sells herself for money or the man who gives his money for sex. Controversial situation and a very critical work.

"Peso Ancestral"

This work relates to the weight that women are carrying on their shoulders. This weight is known to the reader as an "emotional" weight and the stress of the men that they are carrying. The work contains images of being heavy to relate to the idea of the weight. For example, the tears of men are venomous and quite heavy to women. The work is feminist and the author is critiquing society.

"Mujer Negra"

This poem takes place during the time of the slave trade and during the end of the Cuban Revolution which is modern Cuba. This poem has many voices going on beginning with a woman who is working on a plantation. She has sex with a white land owner and her baby is taken away from her because she is not only a woman, but she is african american. This poem ties together the prejudice of non-white races and women. At the end she is freed which is a hope for the future.

"Dos Palabras"

This a short story about a poor family who doesn't deserve their own names. There is no escape for these people due to their lack of purpose, food, or financial needs. The mother tries to find a job and she starts by reading a dictionary. She begins to sell the words of the dictionary to people and later she is kidnapped by a colonel. The colonel is a candidate for the president and he needs her help to give a two word title for his speech. We find out, based on the title, that he later falls in love with her and vice versa. This story is an example of Magical Realism. This a feminist story about a woman who goes out to take the role of the head person in the family in order to survive.

"Visiones de los vencidos"

This story is about the Aztecs and their fear of the Spanish attack on their city in the mere future. They account several omens that make them believe that the Spanish are near. Some of these omens are the column of fire, lightning, eclipse, blazing sun, and the screams of women. This story relates to the different societies in contact. The clash between the Aztecs and the Spanish country.

"Segunda Carta de Relación"

The story is written by Cortes and he is writing about the king of Spain. He describes his plan for taking over the Aztec city of Tenochtítlan. He describes how he entered the city giving the king many gifts and he promised him he would find all the gold in the city. He also promised he would convert the Aztecs to christians "Peacefully." This wasn't true when he and his Spanish army attacked the city killing several Aztecs and torturing them violently. Cortes used a lot of Euphemism in order to water down the situation that happened in the city. This narrative is also an example and a representation of the clash between different societies in contact (Aztecs Versus Spain).

"Lazarillo de Tormes"

This story is a comedy and is known as being a picaresque piece of literature. It is a broad comedy that satirizes the different types of social roles in a society. It is about a young boy named Lazaro who lives with his mother. His mother is found with a black who steals and is a thief leading Lazaro to be taken a better, or they say, place to live. He is first given over to a blind man who is very mean and abusive. Lazaro doesn't have any food, so tricks the blind man into running into a pole leading him to get food and run away. Lazaro then runs into a cleric. He is very stingy and he has a box that contains bread just in case he runs out of food. The man has an over abundance of food, but being stingy, he saves food in a wooden box with a key. Lazaro gets a hold of the key and puts it in his mouth, so he won't get caught. Lazaro falls asleep with the key in his mouth causing his mouth to make a hissing sound. The cleric thinks it's a snake. At the end, he is caught. He is then with a squire who is from a rich family, but is very poor. He is in trouble because he hasn't payed the rent. Lazaro said the squire was going to get the money when really he was running away and never coming back. In the last chapter, Lazaro works as an important public figure. She is a good woman (doesn't matter since she is a woman and he is rich) The end makes the story a modern perspective.

"Nuestra America"

This essay is about the unification of Latin American and the idea of how one defines an "American." The essay states the prejudice that the United States has on other parts of America and how they state things and rights for all Americans, even though some people who are Americans don't receive those rights, such as Latin Americans. The United States poses lots of threats on other parts of America and because they have to much power, other countries cannot control them nor have any say in anything. Martí suggests a unification but isn't possible due to United States' imperialistic power. A theme in this essay relates to the prejudices other American races face and how one society under the American branch controls all the other parts.

"A Roosevelt"

This poem is about expansionism and the idea that Roosevelt has a lot of power. The author is a strong critic and he represents Roosevelt as a strong hold for money and power (Imperialism). Roosevelt controls many parts of the world and modernism is seen in his essay. Again, a theme in this essay relates to the prejudices other American races face and how one society (United States) under the American branch controls all the other parts.

"Prendimiento de Camborio de Antoñito"

This poem is about gypsies and how their culture is abused in the society that they are living in. A group of gypsies are imprisoned for taking lemons off of a tree in an area where nobody owns those trees. They are blamed for being thieves and sent to prison. The cops take the lemons they picked and make lemonade out of it. This poem shows the abuse of power in the United States and how one group can be ostracized due to their social status in a society. This a Romance poem, contemporary, and takes place during the first part of the twentieth century.

WHAT TYPE OF POEM IS THIS?


Imperio tuve un tiempo, pasajero,
sobre las ondas de la mar salada;
del viento fui movida y respetada
y senda abrí al Antártico hemisfero.

Soy con larga vejez tosco madero;
fui haya, y de mis hojas adornada,
del mismo que alas hice en mi jornada,
lenguas para cantar hice primero.

Acompaño esta tumba tristemente,
y aunque son de Colón estos despojos,
su nombre callo, venerable y santo,

de miedo que, de lástima, la gente
tanta agua ha de verter con tiernos ojos,
que al mar nos vuelva a entrambos con el llanto.

SONNET

Author of "Dos Palabras"

Allende

Author "Romance de la pérdida de Alhama"

Anonymous

Author of "Lazarillo de Tormes"

Anonymous

Author of "Volverán de las oscuras golondrinas"

Becquer

Author of "Borges y yo"

Borges

Author of "El Sur"

Borges

Author of "A Julia de Burgos"

Burgos

Author of "Don Quijote"

Cervantes

Author of "La Noche Boca Arriba"

Cortázar

Author of "Segunda Carta de Relación"

Cortés

Author of "Hombres necios que acusaís"

de la Cruz

Author of "A Roosevelt"

Darío

Author of "De lo que acontecío a un mancebo que se casó con una mujer muy fuerte y muy brava."

Don Juan Manuel

Author of "El hombre que se convirtió en perro"

Dragún

Author of "Chac Mool"

Fuentes

Author of "La casa de Bernarda Alba"

Lorca

Author of "Prendimiento de Antoñito el Camborio en el camino de Sevilla"

Lorca

Author of "El ahogado más hermoso del mundo"

Marquez

Author of "La siesta del martes"

Marquez

Author of "en tanto que de rosa y azucena"

Vega

Author of "Mientras por competir con tu cabello"

Góngora

Author of "Balada de los dos abuelos"

Guíllen

Author of "En una tempestad"

Heredia

Author of "Visión de los Vencidos"

Portilla

Author of "He andado muchos caminos"

Machado

Author of "Nuestra América"

Martí

Author of "Como la vida misma"

Montero

Author of "Mujer Negra"

Moréjon

Author of "Walking Around"

Neruda

Author of "Las Medias Rojas"

Bazán

Author of "Miré los muros de la patria mía"

Quevedo

Author of "El Hijo"

Quiroga

Author of "y no se lo trago la tierra"

Rivera

Author of "No oyes ladrar los perros"

Rulfo

Author of "Peso Ancestral"

Storni

Author of "El Burlador de Sevilla y Convidado de Piedra"

Molina

Author of "Mi Caballo Mago"

Ulibarri

Author of "San Manuel Bueno, mártir"

Unamuno

alegoría

allegory: is a rhetorical device in which characters or events in a literary, visual, or musical art form represent or symbolize ideas and concepts.

Alejandrino

a 14 syllable verse divided into two 7 syllable lines.

Aliteración

Alliteration

pero pepe piensa un plan de preparar un dinero.

Alusión

Allusion: in literature, an implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text.

Renacimiento (Renaissance)

-A rebirth or revival.
-The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe.
-The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.

Baroque (Barroco)

-Relating to, or characteristic of a style in art and architecture developed in Europe from the early 17th to mid-18th century, emphasizing dramatic, often strained effect and typified by bold, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts. --Fluidity and over the top
-Extravagant, complex, or bizarre, especially in ornamentation.

Surrealism (Surrealismo)

A 20th-century literary and artistic movement that attempts to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter. Many random images clashed together as striking and Bizarre to understand the mentality of the author, poet, or writer.

Modernism (Modernismo)

-Modern thought, character, or practice.
-Sympathy with or conformity to modern ideas, practices, or standards.

Picaresque (Picáro)

-Of or involving clever rogues or adventurers.
-Of or relating to a genre of usually satiric prose fiction originating in Spain and depicting in realistic, often humorous detail the adventures of a roguish hero of low social degree living by his or her wits in a corrupt society. (Lazarillo de Tormes).

Estrofa

stanza

Eufemismo (Euphemism)

watering down harsh situations with "kinder" words

Vistazo Retrospectivo

Flashback

Figura retorica

(figure of speech)

Exposición (exposition)

The portion of a story that introduces important background information to the audience.

Estribillo

A phrase or verse recurring at intervals in a song or poem, especially at the end of each stanza; chorus.

Epíteto

adding unnecessary adjectives for aesthetic purposes

Enumeración

A collection of items that is a complete, ordered listing of all of the items in that collection.

Épica

epic poetry.

Encabalgamiento

It is when the ideas in on verse continue over into the next verse of the.

Elipsis

Denotes a time or omission of one's thought and pondering. The omission from a sentence or other construction of one or more words that would complete or clarify the construction.

Eco

Created by repetition of words or parts of words.

Drama

Less violent than a tragedy and composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving conflict or contrast of character.

Cuarteto

Four line stanzas, 11 syllables each
ABBA

Cuarteta

Four line stanzas, 8 syllables each
ABAB

Cromatismo

The use of colors to express ideas and feelings.

Copla (couplet)

Two verses (usually joined by a rhyme)

Composición

An analysis of the structure, verses, and stanzas of a poem.

Comedia (comedy)

Is any sort of performance intended to cause laughter or the emotions associated with laughter.

Climax

culmination (highest peak of the story where all unfolds)

Carpe Diem

Seize the day, and the enjoyment of the pleasures of the moment without concern for the future. Live ever day like it is your last. Non-religious.

Asíndeton

The omission of connecting words such as
-and
-but
-more

Arte menor

Verses that have 8 or fewer syllables

Arte Mayor

Verses of more than 8 syllables

Arquetipo

The original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies. Perfect**

Argumento (resumen)

Plot or storyline.

Apostrofe (apostrophe)

The addressing of a usually absent person or a usually personified thing rhetorically.

Aparte

An aside where other characters do not hear or know it.

Antítesis

The juxtaposition of two opposing ideas, contrast, contradiction.

Antihéroe

Like the antagonist, but not have the qualities of an antagonist since he/she is not heroic enough.

Antagonista

Against the protagonist

Analogía

A comparison of two things based on their being alike in some way.

Anáfora

Repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect.

Bildungs Roman

The horse escapes and that the kid cannot hold onto these fantasies. This is the idea of the coming of age.

"Mi Caballo Mago"

They are west of the United States. They are trying to capture the white horse. They think the horse is very magical and has many powers, Actually, the horse not have these powers or they don't know that it has these kinds of powers. The author realizes that he does not need to capture the horse. It is Bildungs Roman and relates to the coming of age and how one has the ability to be okay with letting go of fantasies.

Circunlocución

Use other words to go around that word to build suspense or intensity.

Desdoblamiento

Splitting or doubling identities.

"Don Quijote"

-realidad versus fantasía
-Identity (Got there by all books he read).
-Cervantes saying he translated it. Labryinth.

"Volverán las oscuras golondrinas"

Romantic movement and it is a poem that is about a couple that broke up and the woman went with another guy. The guy is saying that she will regret it and that the guy isn't as good as he was when they were together. The swallows in the title represent the time passed between the man and the woman in the relationship, carpe diem. The opportunity of love between them is going away and the golondrinas show that moving away happening.

"Las Medias Rojas"

A girl that is a prostitute for her dad and she goes out to buy red stockings with her father's money. Once she gets the tights, her father, Tío Cladio, beats her and her beauty is lost. She doesn't have anymore beauty anymore not making her able to move to the United States anymore. Her ticket to go to the US was her beauty. The literary movement is naturalism because it shows the life of poor people and of a poor woman. The color red represents sex and prostitution.

"El Hijo"

A kid goes hunting with his father in the forest. His father then lets him go off into the wilderness solo leading to the son's death at the end of the story. The father has a hallucination asking why his son was so late in return while in reality his son was dead in a barbed wire fence. The literary movement is naturalism and one could make the argument of the theme as time and reality versus fantasy. The pistol and the gun represent violence, teaching, maturity, and most importantly foreshadow danger.