Transition Metal Electronic Configurations and Complexes

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/20

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Flashcards on Transition Metal Chemistry

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

21 Terms

1
New cards

Transition Metals

D-block elements that form one or more stable ions with incompletely filled d-orbitals.

2
New cards

Characteristics of Transition Metals

Hard solids, high melting and boiling points, act as catalysts, form colored ions and compounds, form ions with different oxidation numbers, and form ions with incomplete d-blocks.

3
New cards

Electronic Configuration Filling Order

The 4s subshell is filled before the 3d subshell.

4
New cards

Exceptions to Electronic Configuration Filling

Chromium and copper do not follow the expected filling pattern for added stability.

5
New cards

Ion Formation in Transition Metals

Elements lose 4s electrons before 3d electrons when forming ions.

6
New cards

Oxidation Numbers in Transition Metals

Elements can form ions with different oxidation numbers, with higher numbers often found with electronegative elements like oxygen.

7
New cards

Complex

A central metal or ion surrounded by ligands.

8
New cards

Ligand

A molecule or ion that forms a dative (coordinate) bond with a transition metal, donating a pair of electrons.

9
New cards

Coordination Number

The number of coordinate bonds to the central metal or ion.

10
New cards

Monodentate Ligand

Ligands that can form only one coordinate bond to a metal ion, as they have one lone pair to form one coordinate bond (e.g., H2O, NH3, Cl-).

11
New cards

Octahedral Complex

Complexes commonly formed by transition metal ions with small ligands, bonds at 90° (e.g., H2O and NH3).

12
New cards

Tetrahedral Complex

Complexes commonly formed by transition metal ions with larger ligands, bonds at 109.5° (e.g., Cl-).

13
New cards

Square Planar Complex

Complexes such as xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) and cis-platin; can display cis-trans isomerism.

14
New cards

Bidentate Ligand

Ligands that can form two coordinate bonds to a metal ion (e.g., ethanedioate ion, ethane-1,2-diamine).

15
New cards

Multidentate Ligand

Ligands that can form many coordinate bonds to a metal ion (e.g., EDTA4-).

16
New cards

Ligand Substitution Reaction

In a complex, one ligand can be replaced by another.

17
New cards

Chelate Effect

Bidentate and multidentate ligands replace monodentate ligands form complexes much more readily than replacing monodentate with monodentate.

18
New cards

Haemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that contains an iron(II) complex with a multidentate ligand and is involved in reversible oxygen binding.

19
New cards

Carboxyhaemoglobin

A very stable complex formed when carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in haemoglobin, preventing oxygen transport.

20
New cards

Colour Absorption in Transition Metals

Arises when some wavelengths of visible (white) light are absorbed due to incomplete d shell.

21
New cards

Factors Affecting Color in Complexes

Changes in oxidation state, coordination number, or the ligand will alter ΔE and so the colour observed will change.