Unit 4 : Urbanisation

migrate

= di cư tạm thời

khác với emigrate = di cư vĩnh viễn

trái ngược với immigrate = nhập cư

subsidize

to pay part of the cost of something = trợ cấp

erect = put up

to build a building, wall, or other structure = construct = xây dựng

gentrify

làm thay đổi khu phố theo hướng giàu đẹp hơn

colonize

to live in a place = inhabit = định cư

vitalize

= làm sống động

trái ngược với devitalize = làm mất sinh khí

occupy

to fill, exist in, or use a place or period of time = reside in = định cư / cư trú

allocate sth to sth

to give something to someone as their share of a total amount = distribute to = phân phối / phân phát

demolish

to completely destroy a building, especially in order to use the land for something else = tear down = destroy = pull down = phá hủy

undergo

to experience something that is unpleasant = endure = suffer = chịu đựng

spawn

to cause something new, or many new things, to grow or start suddenly = generate = sinh ra/ tạo ra

tackle

to try to deal with something or someone = combat = fight against = chịu đựng

blockage of

too blocked or crowded and causing difficulties = congestion = tắc nghẽn

urban sprawl

sự mở rộng đô thị không kiểm soát

multi storey

A multistorey building has several floors = skycraper = high rise building = nhà cao tầng

sanitation

vệ sinh môi trường

irrigation

the practice of supplying land with water so that crops and plants will grow = tưới tiêu

deficit

the total amount by which money spent is more than money received, or the state of having spent more money than has been received = shortage = deplete = sự thiếu hụt

business district

= commercial area = commercial zone = khu vực đô thị

density

mật độ

discrepancy = disparity

a lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair = inequality

urban decay

sự xuống cấp đô thị

livable

= inhabitable = có thể sống được

spontaneous

happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced = unplanned = không lên kế hoạch trước / tự phát

dilapidated

old and in poor condition = run down = đổ nát

packed with

= crowded with = full of = đông đúc

refurbished

made to look new again by work such as painting, repairing, and cleaning = renovate = tân trang

transit oriented

hướng đến giao thông công cộng

marginalized

to treat someone or something as if they are not important = excluded = neglected = bị gạt ra ngoài lề

rehabilitated

to return something to a good condition = restore = renovated = được phục hồi

strain resource

gây căng thẳng cho nguồn tài nguyên

make the best of

= make the most of = make full use = take advantage of = tận dụng

take precedence over

the condition of being dealt with before other things or of being considered more important than other things = take priority over = được ưu tiên hơn

improve mental clarity

cải thiện sự sáng suốt tinh thần

settle down

ổn định cuộc sống

bring up

= drive up = đẩy giá lên

pack into

to manage to do a lot of activities in a limited period of time = nhồi nhét

cordon off

to close an area to people and vehicles = isolate = cách ly

be out of order

a failure to work or be successful = breakdown = hỏng hóc / thất bại

malfunction

to fail to work or operate correctly = sự cố

take up

chiếm thời gian / không gian

bắt đầu một thói quen mới

give way to

make room for = nhường chỗ cho

level off

If a rate or amount levels off, it stops rising or falling and stays at the same level = cân bằng / giữ ổn định

zone off

= phân vùng