reactions of carboxyllic acids and esters

what happens since the carboxylic acid group is polarised

• the c + is open to be attacked by nucleophilles

• the o- may be attacked by a + charged species (H+)

• the H+ may be lost as H+

What happens if the H from OH- group is lost

a carboxylate ion is formed

what does the formation of a carboxylate ion defined as and why is this good

• delocalisation

• more stable ion

features or carboxylic acids in reactions

as they are weak acids there equilibrium is shifted to left, strong enough to react with sodium hydrogen carbonate to form carbon dioxide

carboxylic acids donate

protons

with what do they form ionic salts

more reactive metals

does the hydrolysis of an ester go to completion

no

what does the acid catalyst do?

affect rate at which equilibrium is reached, not the equilibrium composition of mixture

what are triesters made from

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

why are esters used as cleaning products eg, soap

• long hydrocarbon chain is non polar (mix with grease)

• COO- group is polar and ionic (mix with water)

glycerol features

• forms hydrogen bonds and is very soluble in water

• plasticiser - molecules to slip over each-other + flexible

• solvent

• attracts water so prevent creams drying out eg, pharmaceutical industry

name a type of renewable fuel

biofuel

fatty acid number derivative

3C17H35COOH

show acid hydrolysis of esters

show full base hydrolysis of an ester using NaOH

show complete final equation for base hydrolysis using NaOH

CH3CH2COOCH3 + NaOH → CH3CH2COONa + CH3OH

what is the name of CH3CH2COONa

sodium propanoate